PHA 3112 Chapter Notes - Chapter 50: Hmg-Coa Reductase, High-Density Lipoprotein, Coronary Circulation
10 Dec 2016
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Cholesterol can cause coronary artery atherosclerosis/atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ascvd) (coronary arteries thickening) Severe ascvd symptoms: acute coronary syndrome (acs) & mi (myocardial infarction - heart attack. Atherosclerosis = fatty streak in arterial wall fibrous plaque deposition grown plague impedes coronary blood flow = cause angina pain. Worse, thrombi formation can block entire flow = causing mi. Atherosclerosis ca develop in any artery & compromise circulation of any tissue. Adverse effect: thrombus travel downstream to block a new vessel; lungs/brain blockage is concern. Ascvd risk increased by increased blood cholesterol levels in form of low-density lipoproteins (ldls) Lowering ldl cholesterol preferred method = modification of diet combined with exercise; drugs if insufficient. Exogenous cholesterol comes from dietary sources & endogenous cholesterol is manufactured by cells in liver. Critical step in hepatic cholesterol synthesis = catalyzed by enzyme called hydroxymethylglutaryl coenzyme a reductase (hmg-coa reductase) Statins: drugs that inhibit hmg-coa reductase enzyme used for lowering cholesterol.
