PHA 3112 Chapter Notes - Chapter 83: Multiple Drug Resistance, Enterococcus Faecalis, Antimicrobial Resistance
10 Dec 2016
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Some organisms respond poorly to available drugs; effective drugs limited by toxicity & evolving microbial resistance (constant threat of rendering current ab useless) Chemotherapy is applied to cancer & infection treatment; antibiotic + antimicrobial drug used interchangeably. Selective toxicity: drug ability to injure target cell/organism w/o injuring other cell/organisms in intimate contact w/ target; ab ability to kill or suppress microbial pathogens w/o causing injury to host. Sulfonamide ab r selectively toxic cuz inhibit enzyme critical to bacterial survival but not to our survival. Aerobic organism: require an oxygenated environment to survive & grow in. Anaerobic organism does(cid:374)"t require & may be killed by oxygen. Most bacterial species are spherical (cocci), rod (bacilli), & spiral-shaped (spirochetes). Differentiate bacteria into 2 groups: 1) gram-positive (purple) & 2) gram-negative (pink stained) Narrow spectrum: gram-positive cocci and gram-positive bacilli, penicillin g and v, penicillinase-resistant penicillins: methicillin, nafcillin, vancomycin, erythromycin, clindamycin. Gram-negative aerobes: aminoglycosides: gentamicin, others, cephalosporins (first and second generations)
