BIO153H5 Chapter Notes - Chapter 27: Hfr Cell, Genetic Recombination, Erythromycin
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27. 1 structural and functional adaptations contribute to prokaryotic success figure 27. 1 prokaryote shapes: spherical; occur in singles, pairs, chains, and clusters, rod-shaped; solitary or in chains, spiral; loose coils, spirochetes, corkscrew-shaped. Cell-surface structures: almost all prokaryotes have cell walls. This prevents them from bursting in hypotonic environments. In hypertonic environments, they lose water and shrink away from their wall (plasmolyze). Figure 27. 3 gram staining: gram-positive: thick cell wall, traps crystal violet and masks red safranin dye, gram-negative: thin cell wall, crystal violet is easily rinsed and red safranin dye appears. This can withstand heats up to 121+ degrees celsius: prokaryotes can evolve substantially in short periods of time, prokaryotes adapt rapidly to new environments, making them highly evolved. 27. 2 rapid reproduction, mutationm and genetic recombination promote genetic diversity in prokaryotes. Rapid reproduction and mutation: prokaryotes reproduce asexually, but have high genetic diversity, prokaryptes have a low mutation rate, but because of their large population, the probability increases.
