BIO211H5 Chapter Notes - Chapter 1: Seismic Wave, Continental Crust, Oceanic Crust

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Age of the universe: big bang ~15 billion years ago. Distance from the sun and the size of the sun itself produce temperatures at earth"s surface that allow complex carbon compounds to survive and enter into chemical reactions. Has a large mass which allows life-supporting fluids through gravitational attraction. Small enough that gravity does not attract meteorites (unlike jupiter) Moon formed from impact of a protoplanet with earth. Seismic waves: large vibrations that travel through earth as a consequence if natural earthquakes or artificial disturbances such as nuclear explosions. Focus: place within earth where rocks move against other rocks along a fault and produce seismic waves. Fault: surface along which rocks have broken and moved. Solid spherical inner portion and liquid outer portion consist of iron. Complex body of less dense rocky material. Crust: consists of still less dense rocky material. Moho discontinuity: passage of seismic waves from the rocks of the crust to the denser rocks of the mantle.

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