BIO152H5 Chapter Notes - Chapter 5: Glycosidic Bond, Formaldehyde, Monosaccharide

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19 Aug 2013
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Mono-saccharides: location of the carbonyl group, aldose: the carbonyl is at the end of the monosaccharide, ketose: the carbonyl is in the middle of the sugar"s carbon chain. Number of carbon atoms present: triose: three. Spatial arrangement of their atoms: different arrangement of the hydroxyl groups. What do carbohydrates do: carbohydrates are important building blocks in the synthesis of other molecules, they indicate cell identity, they store chemical energy, they provide cells with fibrous structural materials. Although polysaccharides are unable to store information, they do display information on the outer surface of cells in the form of glycoproteins proteins joined to carbohydrates by covalent bonds: glycoproteins are key molecules in cell-cell recognition and cell-cell signalling. Plants store sugars as starch, which is made of many -glucose monomers joined by -1,4- glycosidic linkages. This causes the monomer chain to form a helix. Starch can be branched (amylose) or unbranched (amylopectin).

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