CHM120H5 Chapter Notes - Chapter 11: Orbital Hybridisation, Square Planar Molecular Geometry, Ellipse

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26 Mar 2013

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11. 1: valence bond (vb) theory & orbital hybridization: the central themes of vb theory the basic principle is that a covalent bond forms when orbitals of two atoms overlap and a pair of electrons occupy the overlap region. The shape differs from the atomic orbitals with one large and one small lobe, the orbital orientation increase electron density in bonding direction: overlap of orbitals from central and surrounding atoms: 11. 2: models of orbital overlap and the types of covalent bonds. Orbitals can overlap by two modes: end to end or side to side, which gives rise to two types of covalent bond, sigma and pi: orbital overlap in single and multiple bonds. End to end overlap and sigma ( )bonding: End to end overlap forms a sigma bond which has its highest electron density along the bond axis and is shaped like an ellipse rotated about its long axis. Side to side overlap and pi ( )bonding :

Related Questions

Use valence bond theory to describe the bonding and geometry in theSeF4 molecule.

A. The central atom is Se, which has five electron groups around it(four bonding pairs and one nonbonding/lone pair). Theelectron-group geometry is trigonal bipyramidal (and the moleculargeometry is see-saw). To facilitate this geometry, the Se atom'sorbitals are hybridized as sp3d orbitals. Four of these hybridorbitals contain one of Se's 6 valence electrons each, and thesehybrid orbitals overlap with unhybridized p orbitals of the four Fatoms. The fifth hybrid orbital of Se contains a lone pair ofelectrons. There are 4 sigma bonds and 0 pi bonds in thismolecule.
B. The central atom is Se, which has six electron groups around it.The electron-group geometry is octahedral. To facilitate thisgeometry, the Se atom's orbitals are hybridized as sp3d2 orbitals.Four of these hybrid orbitals contain one of Se's 6 valenceelectrons each, and these hybrid orbitals overlap with unhybridizedp orbitals of the four F atoms. The fifth and sixth hybrid orbitalsof Se contain lone pairs of electrons. There are 4 sigma bonds and0 pi bonds in this molecule.
C. The central atom is Se, which has four electron groups aroundit. The electron-group geometry is tetrahedral. To facilitate thisgeometry, the Se atom's orbitals are hybridized as sp3 orbitals.These hybrid orbitals overlap with unhybridized p orbitals of thefour F atoms. There are 4 sigma bonds and 0 pi bonds in thismolecule.
D. The central atom is Se, which has four electron groups aroundit, two single bonds and two double bonds. The electron-groupgeometry is tetrahedral. To facilitate this geometry, the Se atom'sorbitals are hybridized as sp3 orbitals. These hybrid orbitalscontain one electron each of Se's 6 valence electrons, and thesehybrid orbitals overlap with unhybridized p orbitals of the four Fatoms. The final 2 electrons of Se's 6 valence electrons reside inunhybridized p orbitals, which overlap with unhybridized p orbitalsof the F atoms. There are 4 sigma bonds and 2 pi bonds in thismolecule.

CHM120H5 Chapter Notes - Chapter 11: Orbital Hybridisation, Square Planar Molecular Geometry, Ellipse

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