ECO100Y5 Chapter Notes - Chapter 31.3: Potential Output, Labour Market Flexibility, Unemployment Benefits

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31. 3 what determines the nairu: when unemployment rate = nairu, there is only frictional and structural unemployment. Structural unemployment: structural unemployment- unemployment caused by a mismatch in skills, industry, or location between available jobs and unemployed workers, natural causes. Government policies can influence the speed with which labour markets adopt to changes. Labour market policies that make it difficult or costly for firms to fire workers also make employees more reluctant to hire workers in the first place (reduce turnover) The fictional structural distinction: structural unemployment is long term frictional unemployment. If reallocation to another sector were to occur quickly = unemployment frictional and if were to occur slowly = unemployment structural. Young people have more labour market turnover and higher unemployment rates than older, more experienced workers. Further increases in female participation will tend to decrease the nairu. Greater labour force participation by groups with high unemployment rates increases the nairu: hysteresis (lagged effect)

Related Questions

Unemployment and its types, and the Natural Rate of Unemployment.

1) Frictional unemployment is the result of

A) an economic recession.

B) the economic decline of major industries.

C) the normal process of jobs being created and destroyed.

D) people not getting along (having friction) with their employers.

E) changing weather throughout the year.

2) Bill has graduated with his degree in economics. Through Career Services he submitted his resume to several companies and he will visit them during the next two weeks. Bill is considered

A) not in the labor force.

B) frictionally unemployed.

C) structurally unemployed.

D) cyclically unemployed.

E) employed because he is visiting firms.

3) Structural unemployment includes people who become unemployed from

A) changes in the seasons.

B) normal changes in the labor force.

C) technological changes.

D) changes in the business cycle.

E) going back to school.

4) An employee who is fired from his or her job because he or she lacks the skills required to accomplish the task, is part of ________ unemployment.

A) frictional

B) cyclical

C) unskilled

D) structural

E) withdrawal

5) How would you best describe a manufacturing employee who has been fired because he was replaced by a robot (new technology) and does not have the skills necessary to help operate the robot?

A) job leaver

B) entrant/reentrant

C) cyclically unemployed

D) structurally unemployed

E) withdrawal

6) Seasonal unemployment includes people who become unemployed from

A) the seasonal weather patterns.

B) normal changes in the labor force.

C) technological changes.

D) changes in the business cycle.

E) changes in international competition.

7) Cyclical unemployment includes people who become unemployed from

A) changes in the seasons.

B) changes in international competition.

C) technological changes.

D) changes in the business cycle.

E) normal labor market turnover.

8) The type of unemployment that arises from a decrease in real GDP is called

A) frictional unemployment.

B) structural unemployment.

C) seasonal unemployment.

D) cyclical unemployment.

E) downturn unemployment.

9) John has been laid off from his job because of a general downturn in the economy. John's unemployment is best classified as

A) cyclical.

B) seasonal.

C) structural.

D) frictional.

E) avoidable.

10) Full employment means that

A) 100 percent of the labor force have jobs.

B) only those who are willing, able and looking for work are unemployed.

C) the cyclical unemployment rate is zero.

D) the natural unemployment rate is zero.

E) the frictional unemployment rate is zero.

11) The natural unemployment rate is the unemployment rate that exists when there is no

A) structural unemployment.

B) frictional unemployment.

C) cyclical unemployment.

D) cyclical or structural unemployment.

E) seasonal unemployment.

12) The natural unemployment rate equals the sum of

A) cyclical and frictional unemployment.

B) cyclical, seasonal, and structural unemployment.

C) frictional, seasonal, and structural unemployment.

D) seasonal and cyclical unemployment.

E) cyclical, frictional, seasonal, and structural unemployment.

browncamel558

Severe unemployment is socially catastrophic. Mark all items below that can occur due to unemployment.

Increased Spending

Increased work hours for other family members

Increased Savings

Uninterrupted schooling

Increased Stress

Postponed medical care

Utilities cut off

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Question 51 pts

What years was the unemployment rate equal to or great than 10%?

1929-1933, 1937-1938, 1981-1982, 2007-2009

1928-1932, 1936-1937, 1980-1981, 2008-2010

1929-1933, 1936-1937, 1980-1981, 2007-2009

1928-1930, 1937-1938, 1981-1982, 2008-2010

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Question 61 pts

The unemployment rate is understated due to:

None of the above.

Part-time workers being counted as unemployed

Discouraged workers not counted in the labor force

Underemployed workers being counted an unemployed

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Question 71 pts

True or False. The Labor force participation rate is the percentage of adults in an economy who are either employed or who are unemployed and looking for a job.

True

False

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Question 81 pts

True or False. The Bureau of Labor Statistics reports the percentage of labor force unemployed utilizing the current population survey.

True

False

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Question 91 pts

Mark all that apply. Over time the unemployment rate.....

does not fluctuate over time

an upward or downward trend in unemployment rates is apparent

never falls all the way to zero

the timing of rises and falls in unemployment do not match the timing of upswings and downswings in the overall economy

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Question 101 pts

According to the graphs presented by the author in this chapter, which group had the highest unemployment rate in 2010?

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Question 111 pts

According to the information presented by the author in this chapter, which group had the highest unemployment rate in 2015?

New entrants

Re-entrants

Job Losers: non-temporary

Job Leavers

Job Losers: temporary

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Question 121 pts

According to the information presented by the author in this chapter, which group had the highest unemployment rate in 2015?

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Question 131 pts

True or False. An international comparison of unemployment rates across countries can be easily accomplished.

True

False

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Question 141 pts

Mark all that apply. Wages are sticky downward due to:

Implicit contract

Insider-outsider model

Efficiency Wage Theory

Adverse selection of wage cuts argument

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Question 151 pts

Match the word to the correct definition.

Cyclical

[ Choose ] unemployment that occurs as workers move between jobs unemployment that occurs because individuals lack skills valued by employers or the Geographic distribution of jobs changes unemployment closely tied to the business cycle, like higher unemployment during a recession

Frictional

Structural

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Question 161 pts

A financial analyst who quits his/her job in Chicago and is pursuing similar work in Arizona. What type of unemployment occurred?

Structural

Cyclical

Frictional

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Question 171 pts

True or False. With productivity low, average levels of unemployment will tend to be somewhat higher on average.

True

False

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Question 181 pts

True or False. Unemployment benefits in the United States are only federally controlled.

True

False

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Question 191 pts

True or False. The natural rate of unemployment will never be zero due to cyclical and frictional unemployment.

True

False

Flag this Question

Question 201 pts

True or False. Public policies to assist the unemployed as it relates to the supply side of the labor market affect how eager people are to find work

True

False

crimsoncrab890

QUESTION 1

Rosina Gonzales quit her job in Pennsylvania and moved to California to be close to her family. She is currently looking for work, so she would be considered

		frictionally unemployed.
		cyclically unemployed.
		a discouraged worker.
		seasonally unemployed.

1 points

QUESTION 2

Discouraged workers

		are counted as unemployed workers when the unemployment rate is calculated.
		would decrease the unemployment rate if they were added to the number of unemployed workers.
		are counted as one-half of a worker in the unemployment statistics.
		would increase unemployment rate if they were added to the number of unemployed workers.

1 points

QUESTION 3

In measuring the unemployment rate, part-time workers are ________ and discouraged workers are ________.

		included as employed; included as unemployed
		excluded; excluded
		excluded; included as unemployed
		included as employed; excluded

1 points

QUESTION 4

Mary has decided that the she does not like Iowa and has decided to quit her job as a medical technician and move to Arizona. Mary's unemployment as she searches for a new job is best classified as

		frictional.
		cyclical.
		structural.
		seasonal.

1 points

QUESTION 5

When a golf caddy in Minnesota (where golf courses close in the winter) is unemployed in December, it is most likely the case that the golf caddy is

		cyclically unemployed during long droughts.
		frictionally unemployed during spring and summer.
		structurally unemployed during spring and summer.
		seasonally unemployed.

1 points

QUESTION 6

After graduating from college, Yunis, age 22, started working for his parent's real estate business as an unpaid assistant. He works 25 hours a week helping manage rental units . In the Current Population Survey, Yunis is considered

		part of the labor force and employed.
		part of the labor force and unemployed.
		a discouraged worker.
		not part of the labor force.

1 points

QUESTION 7

The working-age population includes

		youngsters between the ages of 14 and 16 if they are working at least part time.
		only employed people over the age of 16.
		those in jails and hospitals.
		employed and unemployed people over the age of 16.

1 points

QUESTION 8

Involuntary part-time workers are workers who

		work less than 35 hours but would like to work full time.
		work more than 35 hours but would like to work less than 35 hours.
		work less than 35 hours by choice.
		work have lost their jobs within the last four weeks and are seeking another job.

1 points

QUESTION 9

Frictional unemployment is the result of

		the normal process of jobs being created and destroyed.
		an economic recession.
		people not getting along (having friction) with their employers.
		the economic decline of major industries

1 points

QUESTION 10

Bill just graduated with his degree in economics. Through Career Services he submitted his resume to several companies and he will visit them during the next two weeks. Bill is considered

		not in the labor force.
		cyclically unemployed.
		frictionally unemployed.
		structurally unemployed.

1 points

QUESTION 11

Harry works at the video rental store for 20 hours per week. He's asked his boss to allow him to work 40 hours per week, but has been told that business is too slow. Harry is considered

		an involuntary part-time worker.
		a marginally attached worker.
		a discouraged worker.
		not in the labor force.

1 points

QUESTION 12

Discouraged workers who are over 16 years old are

i.not counted as unemployed.

ii.part of the working-age population.

iii.part of the labor force.

		i and ii
		ii and iii
		ii only
		i only

1 points

QUESTION 13

Higher unemployment benefits create

		higher seasonal unemployment as workers switch jobs.
		a lower number of job leavers.
		incentives for longer job searches and higher frictional unemployment.
		incentives for shorter job searches and higher structural unemployment.

1 points

QUESTION 14

Seasonal unemployment includes people who become unemployed from

		changes in the business cycle.
		technological changes.
		the seasonal weather patterns.
		normal changes in the labor force.

1 points

QUESTION 15

Cyclical unemployment is

		higher when the economy is expanding.
		always greater than the total of structural and frictional unemployment.
		the total of structural and frictional unemployment.
		created by a recession.

1 points

QUESTION 16

Which of the following people would be classified as employed in the Current Population Survey?

		April, who just graduated from college and is looking for work
		Jason, who was laid off from work less than 6 months ago but who has stopped looking for work
		Rich, who is working 20 hours a week but wants a full-time job
		Misty, who just quit her job to return full time to school

1 points

QUESTION 17

People who are willing and able to work but are not looking for work because they have been discouraged by their previous futile efforts are called

		discouraged workers.
		involuntarily unemployed.
		part-time lookers.
		unemployed workers.

1 points

QUESTION 18

Discouraged workers are included in the calculation of the

i.unemployment rate.

ii.labor force participation rate.

iii.working-age population.

		i and ii
		i only
		iii only
		ii only

1 points

QUESTION 19

As firms search for the best employee to fill an opening and the unemployed search for the job that best fits their skills, the economy experiences

		changes in the business cycle.
		cyclical unemployment.
		frictional unemployment.
		structural unemployment.

1 points

QUESTION 20

Suppose the U.S. population is 275 million. If 210 million people are of working age, 135 million are employed, and 6 million are unemployed, what is the labor force participation rate?

		64 percent
		67 percent
		76 percent
		49 percent

1 points

QUESTION 21

During a recession the unemployment rate generally ________ and during an expansion the unemployment rate generally ________.

		rises; rises
		rises; does not change
		falls; rises
		rises; falls

1 points

QUESTION 22

In January of 2001, the population of the United States was 276.8 million, the working-age population was 210.2 million, the total number of people employed was 140, and the total number of people unemployed was 5.0 million. What was the labor force participation rate?

		56 percent
		69 percent
		78 percent
		67 percent

1 points

QUESTION 23

If Brian, age 24, had no job but was available for work and had looked for a job the week before the survey, Brian is classified in the Current Population Survey as

		unemployed.
		employed.
		a discouraged worker.
		not in the labor force.

1 points

QUESTION 24

Julie works part-time for economic reasons. She would be considered

		an involuntary part-time worker.
		not in the labor force.
		a job seeker.
		a discouraged worker.

1 points

QUESTION 25

Suppose the population is 300 million people, the labor force is 200 million people, the number of people employed is 185 million, and the working-age population is 170 million people. What is the unemployment rate?

		5 percent
		7.5 percent
		8.8 percent
		92.5 percent

1 points

ECO100Y5 Chapter Notes - Chapter 31.3: Potential Output, Labour Market Flexibility, Unemployment Benefits

ECO100Y5 Full Course Notes

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