ENV100Y5 Chapter Notes - Chapter 2: Cambrian Explosion, Stromatolite, Extrusive Rock

• School: UTM
• Department: Environment
• Course: ENV100Y5
• Professor: Monika Havelka

Document Summary

Matter: all of the material in the universe that has mass and occupies: law of conversation: it can be transformed from one type of substance into another, but it cannot be destroyed or created. Atomic number of element = the number of protons. Electrons = negatively charged particles surrounding the nucleus; balance the positively charged protons. Ion = atom that has gained or lost an electron from its outer shell: cation = + charge (loses electron, anion = charge (gains electron) Example: ozone = o3: compound = molecule composed of atoms of two or more different elements. Example: carbon dioxide = co2: solution = mixture without chemical bonding or reactions, example: crude oil (a mixture of hydrocarbon compounds) Example: air (a mixture of gases: example: ocean water (a mixture of water and dissolved solids) Atoms in molecules and compounds are held together with bonds: covalent bond = atoms in a molecule share electrons, example: hydrogen h2 electrons are shared equally.