HIS101H5 Chapter Notes - Chapter 14: Horse Harness, Individualism, Cistercians
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HIS101H5 Full Course Notes
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Chapter 14: crusades- christian holy wars directed mainly against muslims, heralding a resurgence of christian west. First crusade (1096-1099): pope wants crusade to take holy land and end strife in europe, preached it is god"s will . Italy, france, germany assembled: success captured jerusalem, muslims response: retaliatory attacks reconquered one of the crusader states. Second crusade (1147-1149): led by pope eugenius, lost, few decades later, lost more ground, muslims under salah al-din retake most of the holy land first crusade undone. Third crusade (1189-1192): planned as a multipronged and sea assault, beat salah in many battles but fail to retake holy land. Fourth crusade (1202-1204): pillages constantinople and ousts byzantine ruler, salah died, reunited w and e christian, diverted it against constantinople . Later crusades: target other christians not aligned with rome. Islamic impact on western commerce and culture: crusades ultimately fail to meet original goals, christianity widen and spilt, muslims control holy land.
