POL112H5 Chapter Notes - Chapter MILL: Autocracy, Liberal Democracy, Sub-Saharan Africa
11 Apr 2016
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Miller and skaaning the third wave: inside the numbers . Beginning in the mid-1970s, and especially during the decade after the 1989 91 breakdown of communist regimes, the world saw a remarkable rise in the number of democracies. Freedom in the world survey, the last seven years (2006 2012) were notable for democratic setbacks rather than democratic gains. The first debate is about the probability of a reverse wave the potential for which first received attention in the mid-1990s, as scholars highlighted a series of threats to further democratization. Finally, with regard to the residual autocratic regimes, we distinguish between closed autocracies and electoral autocracies. As recently as 1978, only 49 of the world"s then 158 states (31 percent) were democracies; by 2012, 117 of 195 countries (60 percent) were democracies. An overview confirms the widespread impression that minimalist democracies and multiparty autocracies have proliferated since 1989.
