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Chapter 5

Detailed Textbook Notes Chapter 5

by OneClass4277

6 pages221 viewsFall 2010

School

University of Toronto Mississauga

Department

Political Science

Course Code

POL114H5

Professor

Jurgensen

Chapter

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Chapter 5: International Institutions & Law

Introduction

International Organizations (IO) & international law (IL) seen as instrumental arm of

global governance

Global Governance: Regulation of interdependent relations between & among states,

market, citizens, organizations & other non-state transnational actors through

development of institutions, law & other formal or informal mechanisms of cooperation

Liberal institutionalists view IOs & international regimes as solutions to market failure

problems, reducing uncertainty & promoting further cooperation; Realists – less

enthusiastic about purpose & prospects of international institutions & law, which they

view primarily as vessels or forums for pursuit of national interests

Neo-Marxist & Gramscians – important elements of “superstructure” of capitalist

system can be found @ IO & IL level

Global governance refers to efforts to manage common actions problems with

decentralized yet coordinated political authority & regulation

2 types of IOs exist:

•Intergovernmental Organizations (IGOs): International organizations created by

& composed of member states

•Nongovernmental Organizations (NGOs)

IGOs share # of characteristics:

1.Comprise states and only states

2. IGOs created by treaties between states and, therefore, have legal standing

under IL

3.Hold regular meetings attended by delegates from member states

4. IGOs have permanent headquarters & an executive secretariat that runs day-to-

day activities of organization

5.Have permanent administrative employees who work for organization & don’t

represent their governments; they are international bureaucrats

Several types of IGOs exist

•UN

omultipurpose, universal-membership organization

oserves as many functions & can be joined by all stated in international

system

•European Union / European Community (EC) – most famous regional IGO

International Organizations & Regimes in History

The League & UN established for 2 primary reasons:

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•Practicality – as nation-state system was established & contacts expanded,

governments would have to maintain linkages that facilitated communication &

coordination

•IOs can serve broader purpose, such as establishment or maintenance of world

order & peace

The League of Nations

Created end of WWI inspired by idealism

Associated hope for world free from war

2 basic principles underlay system of peace maintenance:

•Members agreed to respect & preserve territorial integrity & political

independence of other states

•Any war or threat of war was considered matter of concern to entire

League

Major emphasis on maintaining international peace & stability; Also recognized for

promoting economic & social cooperation

League organization centred around 3 major organs:

•Assembly – all member-states belonged > > Main deliberative organs

•Council – select few belonged >> (Each state possessed 1 vote)

•Secretariat

Members League established Permanent Court of International Justice in 1921 to

resolve disputes between members of international community

Assembly primarily responsible for discussing important issues confronting either

individual members of League or international community as a whole

Council primarily responsible for discussing maintenance of peace

Reasons for League’s demise:

•Absence of United States, & during shorter periods, absence of Soviet Union &

Germany

•Collapse can be linked to inherent deficiencies of its Covenant

•Such as Japan & Ethiopia, it appeared to be lack of political will among members

of League

•Aggressive foreign policies of Axis powers made successful League impossible

League of Nations officially disbanded in April 1946

United Nations Organization

Plans to create UN began during WWI

Committee of jurists representing virtually all states that would attend San Francisco

conference discussed creation of an International Court of Justice (ICI), which would

replace Permanent Court of International Justice established under League of Nations

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