Department
PsychologyCourse Code
PSY100Y5Professor
Dax UrbszatChapter
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Feb/29/2004, Sunday CHANAPS
Notes From Reading
CHAPTER 15: TREATMENT OF PSYCHOLOGICAL DISORDERS
I. The Elements of the Treatment Process
A.Treatments: How Many Types Are There?
1. Insight Therapy – i.e. “talking therapy”. Roots found in Freudian psychology.
Clients engage in complex verbal interactions with therapists.
a.Goal – pursue increased insight regarding the nature of client’s
difficulties and sort through possible solutions.
b. i.e. Family/Marital Therapy.
2. Behavior Therapy – based on principles of learning. Make direct efforts to
alter problematic responses (i.e. phobias) and maladaptive habits (i.e. drug
use).
a.Involves classical, operant and observational learning.
3. Biomedical Therapies – involve interventions into a person’s biological
functioning, through drug and electroconvulsive (shock) therapy i.e.
Psychiatrist.
B. Clients: Who Seeks Therapy
1. Most popular treatments for anxiety and depression.
2. 15% of population receives mental health service in a year.
3. Reason’s people don’t pursue treatment – cost, lack of insurance, stigma
(personal weakness).
C. Therapists: Who Provides Professional Treatment
1. Psychologists –
a.2 Types – clinical psychologists and counseling psychologists – both
specialize in diagnosis and treatment of psychological disorders and
everyday behavioral problems.
b. Clinical – treatment of full fledged disorders.
c.Counseling – treatment of everyday adjustment problems in normal
people.
d. Must earn doctoral degree.
e.Psychologists more likely to use behavioral techniques.
2. Psychiatrist – physicians who specialize in the diagnosis and treatment of
psychological disorders.
a.MD Degree
3. Other Mental Health Professionals
a.Hospitals – clinical social workers, psychiatrist nurses as part of a team.
b. Counselors – schools, etc. – marital/drug counseling.
II. Insight Therapies
Involve verbal interactions intended to enhance the client’s self knowledge and
thus promote healthful changes in personality and behavior.
A.Psychoanalysis
1. Psychoanalysis – an insight therapy that emphasizes the recovery of
unconscious, conflicts, motives, and defenses through techniques such as free
association and transference.
2. Freud – neurotic problems are caused by unconscious conflicts left over from
early childhood. Inner conflicts of Id, ego, and superego.
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Feb/29/2004, Sunday CHANAPS
Notes From Reading
CHAPTER 15: TREATMENT OF PSYCHOLOGICAL DISORDERS
3. Probing the Unconscious – two techniques
a.Free Association – clients spontaneously express their thoughts and
feelings exactly as they occur, with as little censorship as possible.
b. Dream Analysis – therapist interprets symbolic meaning of the client’s
dreams.
4. Interpretation – therapists attempts to explain the inner significance of the
client’s thoughts, feelings, memories and behaviors.
5. Resistance – largely unconscious defensive maneuvers intended to hinder the
progress of therapy.
6. Transference – clients unconsciously start relating to their therapist in ways
that mimic critical relationships in their lives.
7. Modern Psychodynamic Therapies – based on Jung, Adler, etc.
B. Client-Centered Therapy
1. Client-Centered Therapy – an insight therapy that emphasizes providing a
supportive emotional climate for clients, who play a major role in determining
the pace and direction of their therapy. (Rogers)
a.Rogers – conflict due to incongruence between reality and self concept.
2. Therapeutic Climate – therapist must provide:
a.Genuineness – honesty and spontaneously
b. Unconditioned positive regard – therapist must show a non judgmental
acceptance of patient.
c.Empathy – understand the world from client’s point of view.
3. Therapeutic Process – therapist provides relatively little guidance, but
primarily provides feedback. Key Task: Clarification
C. Cognitive Therapy
1. Cognitive Therapy – an insight therapy that emphasizes recognizing changing
negative thoughts and maladaptive beliefs. (Beck)
2. Originally devised as a treatment for depression.
3. Depressed People tend to:
a.Blame setbacks on personal inadequacies
b. Focus on negative events
c.Be pessimistic of the future
d. Have a negative self worth.
4. Goals and Techniques –
a.Goal – change the way clients think – taught to detect automatic
negative thoughts and test them with reality.
b. Therapists actively involved with pace of therapy. May argue with
clients.
5. Kinship with Behavior Therapy – client may be given “homework
assignments” and asked to perform overt behaviors.
D.Group Therapy
1. Group therapy is the simultaneous treatment of several clients in a group.
2. Participant’s Roles – participants function as therapists for one another.
a.Describe problems, viewpoints, coping strategies.
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