BIOA01H3 Chapter Notes - Chapter 13: Precursor Mrna, Neurospora Crassa, Start Codon

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13. 1 the connection between dna, rna, and protein. 13. 1a genes specify either protein or rna products. Archibald garrod studied alkaptonuria causes urine to turn black. They excrete homogentisic acid, that should be metabolized. George beadle and edward tatum studied neurospora crassa orange bread. It is an inherited trait mold growing on minimal medium (mm) They exposed spores to x-rays that would cause mutations. Some mutants wouldn"t grow unless mm had additional nutrients auxotroph (nutritional mutants) Auxotroph"s had a defect in gene coding for an enzyme that would synthesize a nutrient that would be added to mm. Wild-type (control could make nutrients for itself from taw materials in mm. By testing specific nutrients, they found that it needed arginine, it didn"t have the enzyme to synthesize it. Synthesis of arg is multistep found that different arg mutants have defects in different enzymes and block growth at different steps each step controlled by a gene that encoded the enzyme for the step.

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