BIOB10H3 Chapter 1: Introduction to Cell Biology

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ivoryhorse803

21 May 2011

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What is cell biology: multiple levels of organization, focusing on macromolecules, how those macromolecules come to form organelles within a cell, how the cells from tissues and a whole animal then a community of animals. Why do we study cell biology: all living things are composed of cells. It is what distinguishes something alive from something that is not alive (virus: multicellular organisms depend on the interaction and cohesion between cells. How does a cell function: mainly depends on protein, make up enzymes, other macromolecules, major structural component, receptor channels. how the cells communicate with each other: genes are what encode for proteins, proteins control how genes are activated. how and when they get transcribed www. notesolution. com. Cellular biology: when a cell is formed it is a self-contained unit. The discovery of cells: cells were first discovered in the early 1600"s with the aid of microscopes.

Related Questions

There are four major groups of macromolecules. These include proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and nucleic acids. Macromolecules are molecules constructed by attaching smaller molecules together into to one macromolecule that has specific properties and that may function as an independent unit.

For this discussion, pick one class of macromolecules and provide details about the structure of the compounds found in that class. Then choose an example from that class and describe one of its functions in a living organism. You may look in any part of the organism. For example, lipids are used by skin cells and neurons or nerve cells. Are their functions always the same in both instances?

browncockroach21

1. What types of biological macromolecules are most cell walls and extracellular matrices composed of? (Choose ALL correct answers)

[]

proteins

[]	nucleic acids

[]

lipids

[]	carbohydrates

2. What is a "second messenger"?

a.	a protein that phosphorylates another substrate

b.	a molecule that is produced or released intracellularly as a result of receptor activation

c.	a signaling molecule that is released extracellularly

GTP

3. How can the activation of a protein kinase be important in signal transduction?

a.	kinases bind to receptors to prevent the signal from binding the receptor

b.	kinases prevent signal amplification by ensuring other proteins are not active

c.	kinases can activate or deactivate existing proteins by phosphorylation

d.	kinases are secreted by the cell as a signaling molecule

limeplatypus677

1. How does sexual reproduction compare to DNA transfers inprokaryotes?
I. Both increase genetic diversity.
II. Sexual reproduction results in greater evolutionarychange.
III. DNA transfer in prokaryotes allows for fewer errors andmutations.

a. I only

b. I and II

c. I and III

d. I, II, and III

2. What type of receptor is described in the followingparagraph?

Binding of a signaling molecule to this type of receptor uses anenzyme to remove a phosphate group from an ATP molecule to activateanother receptor. The activated receptor can be recognized by relayproteins inside the cell, which bind to the receptor and changeshape. These activated proteins then trigger a transduction pathwaythat leads to some sort of cellular response.

a. intracellular receptor

b. ligand-gated ion channel

c. g protein-coupled receptor

d. receptor tyrosine kinase

3. Yeast cells, plant cells, and mammal cells all share manysimilarities in cell signaling. This provides evidence that

a. cell-signaling mechanisms are only found in organisms that usemethods of sexual reproduction

b. intercellular communication evolved as a way for multicellularorganisms to coordinate cell functions

c. eukaryotic cells use signal transduction pathways whileprokaryotic cells use a more primitive form of signaling

d. signal transduction pathways appeared in cells before theevolution of multicellular organisms

limehornet465

BIOB10H3 Chapter 1: Introduction to Cell Biology

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