BIOB11H3 Chapter Notes - Chapter 11: Riboflavin, Frameshift Mutation, Leucine

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ceruleanweasel185

17 Mar 2012

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Chapter 11 gene expression: from transcription to translation. Archibald garrod 1908: people have rare inherited disease caused by enzymes alcaptonuria (disease b/c urine becomes dark when exposed to air) Patients lacked enzymes in blood that oxidizes homogentistic acid compound from breaking down a. a (ohenlyalanine and tyrosine) George beadle and edward tatum 1040: neuropora bread mould that forms in normal simple medium (organic c-sour e, inorganic salts and biotin) Some organisms should be sensitive to enzymatic deficiencies. Irradiate mold spores and screen them for mutation tested for ability to grow in minimal medium. 2 cells unable to grow on minimal medium: 1 needed vitamin b6/pyridoxine and other needed b1/thiamine. Gene carries information for construction on particular enzyme enzymes composed of >1 polypeptide chain (each encoded w/ own gene) = one gene- one polypeptide . What is the molecular nature of the defect in a protein cause by a genetic mutation. Cleave preparation in normal and sickle cell forms of haemoglobins.

Related Questions

Which characteristics of DNA polymerase I raised doubts that its in vivo function is the synthesis of DNA leading to complete replication?

Check all that apply.

its composition of a single polypeptide chain

deficiency of enzyme in some organisms that are still capable of DNA synthesis

requirement of Mg²⁺ presence in order for the enzyme to work

low stability under normal physiological conditions

These are the answers I already answered that were wrong:

ANSWER 1:

**its composition of a single polypeptide chain**

**deficiency of enzyme in some organisms that are still capable of DNA synthesis**

requirement of Mg2+ presence in order for the enzyme to work

low stability under normal physiological conditions

ANSWER 2:

**its composition of a single polypeptide chain**

**deficiency of enzyme in some organisms that are still capable of DNA synthesis**

requirement of Mg2+ presence in order for the enzyme to work

**low stability under normal physiological conditions**

ANSWER 3:

**its composition of a single polypeptide chain**

**deficiency of enzyme in some organisms that are still capable of DNA synthesis**

**requirement of Mg2+ presence in order for the enzyme to work**

low stability under normal physiological conditions

ANSWER 4:

**its composition of a single polypeptide chain**

deficiency of enzyme in some organisms that are still capable of DNA synthesis

requirement of Mg2+ presence in order for the enzyme to work

**low stability under normal physiological conditions**

yellowhorse331

QUESTION 3

What is the purpose of chromatin-remodeling enzymes in human cells?

The enzymes control the rate of translation of an mRNA transcript

The enzymes add phosphate or methyl groups to histone tails

The enzymes slide nucleosomes farther apart or closer to each other

The enzymes send damaged proteins to the proteasome for degradation

The enzymes cause DNA looping to occur

QUESTION 10

If you can drink milk as an adult, it means that you have inherited a mutation in the an enhancer for your lactase gene (the gene that encodes the enzyme you need to break down lactose). Predict the effect of this mutation:

The mutation changes the number of domains in the enzyme, which makes it work more efficiently

The mutation changes the amino acid sequence of the lactase protein

The mutation increases the number of copies of the lactase gene that will be found in your genome

The mutation changes whether the lactase sequence is found in an intron or exon

The mutation affects the expression of the lactase gene

QUESTION 12

What determines where in the genome a transcription regulator will bind?

Transcription regulators bind to the 5' UTR region of a gene

Regulators bind via complementary base-pairing to certain DNA molecules

Covalent bonds form between the transcription regulator and the atoms of the DNA backbone

Every eukaryotic gene has a different transcription regulator that will bind to the 5' end of the gene

Transcription regulators bind to specific DNA sequences via multiple weak non-covalent interactions

QUESTION 15

What is the histone code used for?

		Phosphorylation and acetylation of DNA affect its ability to be compacted
		Changes to the sequence of DNA change whether DNA will wrap around histone proteins
		Covalent modifications of histones affect the ability of the transcription initiation complex to form
		Histones provide the codon sequences needed for translation to occur
		The histone code affects which amino acids will get added to a polypeptide

A human gene called the Î²-globin gene encodes a polypeptide that functions as a subunit of the protein known as hemoglobin. Hemoglobin is found within red blood cells; it carries oxygen. In human populations the Î²-globin gene can be found as the common allele known as Hb^A, and it can also be as the Hb^S allele. Individuals who have two copies of the Hb^S allele have the disease called sickle cell disease. Are the following examples descriptions of genetics at the molecular, cellular, organism, or population level?

A. The Hb^Sallele encodes a polypeptide that functions slightly differently from the polypeptide encoded by the Hb^Aallele.

B. If an individual has two copies of the Hb^Sallele, that persons red blood cells take on a sickle cell shape.

C. Individuals who have two copies of the Hb^Aallele do not have sickle cell disease, but are not resistant to malaria. People who have one Hb^Aallele and one Hb^S allele do not have sickle cell disease but are resistant to malaria. People who have two copies of the Hb^Sallele have sickle cell disease, and this disease may significantly shorten their lives.

D. Individuals with sickle cell disease have anemia because their red blood cells are easily destroyed by the body.

rosewhale208

BIOB11H3 Chapter Notes - Chapter 11: Riboflavin, Frameshift Mutation, Leucine

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