BIOA02H3 Chapter 53: Chapter 53

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blushmammoth508

13 May 2011

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A populat ion of japanese macaques learned and transm itted a set of behaviours that included wash ing. H owever, females were more l ikely t han males to follow. Spiders are born web designers; t hey are born with the abil i ty to spin webs and there have no need to. Learn from experience or to model t he ir movements after those of a parent. Some questions address proximate mechanisms that underl ie behaviour the neuronal, hormonal, and. Ot her questions look at how genes and experiences are related to specif ic behaviours. M ost behaviour is the result of t he proximate mechanisms and experience comb ined. Ot her questions concern the ult imate causes of behaviour t he selection pressures t hat shaped i ts. Always t he same t h ing/way) is species-specif ic. T he observation that a given behaviour is stereotyp ic and requires l ittle or no learning tells biologists.

Related Questions

Thinking of behaviours an organism can adapt, at the very basean action can always be either selfish or altruistic(cooperative).

Usually, selfish behaviour is assumed to be the preferred choiceand the question is how altruistic behaviour comes about.

But if reciprocal altruism can give both participants a higherbenefit than their respective costs (which it usually does), whywould selfish behaviour (in the sense of behaviour which reapsbenefit at another entity's expense) be what we assume to happen?If evolution tends to optimise things, why does it not optimisethis?

Consider the following articles, and answer the questions below.Mitchell MD, Chivers DP, Brown GE, Ferrari MCO. 2016. Living on theedge: How does environmental risk affect the behavioural andcognitive ecology of prey? Anim Behav. 115: 185-192.

Greig EI and Webster MS. 2014. How do novel signals originate?The evolution of fairy-wren songs from predator to displaycontexts. Anim Behav. 88: 57-65.

PetrÅ¯ M, Å pinka M, CharvÃ¡tovÃ¡ V, Lhota S. 2009. Revisiting playelements and self handicapping in play: A comparative ethogram offive Old World monkey species. J Comp Psychol. 123(3): 250-263.

Answer these questions :

1. Which of the above studies examined proximate causes ofbehaviour? What evidence do the authors provide to support youranswer?

2. Which of the above studies examined ultimate causes ofbehaviour? What evidence do the authors provide to support youranswer?

3. Which of the above studies examine the evolution of abehaviour? What evidence do the authors provide to support youranswer?

silverelk818

a) Outline some evidence that behaviour can be heritable.

b) Behaviour may also be modified according to experience. Youbuy a pet dog and find that it displays an unusual fear of mice.Describe the learning process that might have led to this fear,using the terms conditional stimulus, conditional response,unconditional stimulus, and unconditional response.

BIOA02H3 Chapter 53: Chapter 53

BIOA02H3 Full Course Notes

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