BIOA02H3 Chapter 53: Chapter 53 Behavioural Ecology

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ivoryhorse803

7 Apr 2011

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Ethology: study of animal behaviour from an evolutionary prospective: all behaviours are assumed to have a genetic component but also be influenced by what an individual learns from the environment, a combination/interaction from both, nature versus nurture. behaviour or trait is it actually coded for in the genes or is it something you learn. how does it behave is a proximate question (physiology: two types of questions biologist ask, ultimate questions (why, proximate (how) How do genes and environment interact to shape behaviour: biologist use several methods to determine the relative influences of genes and environment on behaviour, deprivation experiments, deprive them of outside influences www. notesolution. com. does this bird sing because of the influences around him or because the animal knows how to since birth: this deprives of environmental influences and only focuses on the genetic part, genetic experiments, selective breeding. determining which individual mates with which individuals.

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Consider the following articles, and answer the questions below.Mitchell MD, Chivers DP, Brown GE, Ferrari MCO. 2016. Living on theedge: How does environmental risk affect the behavioural andcognitive ecology of prey? Anim Behav. 115: 185-192.

Greig EI and Webster MS. 2014. How do novel signals originate?The evolution of fairy-wren songs from predator to displaycontexts. Anim Behav. 88: 57-65.

PetrÅ¯ M, Å pinka M, CharvÃ¡tovÃ¡ V, Lhota S. 2009. Revisiting playelements and self handicapping in play: A comparative ethogram offive Old World monkey species. J Comp Psychol. 123(3): 250-263.

Answer these questions :

1. Which of the above studies examined proximate causes ofbehaviour? What evidence do the authors provide to support youranswer?

2. Which of the above studies examined ultimate causes ofbehaviour? What evidence do the authors provide to support youranswer?

3. Which of the above studies examine the evolution of abehaviour? What evidence do the authors provide to support youranswer?

silverelk818

Thinking of behaviours an organism can adapt, at the very basean action can always be either selfish or altruistic(cooperative).

Usually, selfish behaviour is assumed to be the preferred choiceand the question is how altruistic behaviour comes about.

But if reciprocal altruism can give both participants a higherbenefit than their respective costs (which it usually does), whywould selfish behaviour (in the sense of behaviour which reapsbenefit at another entity's expense) be what we assume to happen?If evolution tends to optimise things, why does it not optimisethis?

Using a specific behaviour as an example, explain the difference between proximate causes and ultimate causes of behaviour.

harlequinpug244

BIOA02H3 Chapter 53: Chapter 53 Behavioural Ecology

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