BIOA02H3 Chapter 22: Mechanisms of Evolution--KEY TERMS & DEFINITIONS

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greyant482

14 Apr 2011

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according to darwin, the major features of evolutionary change are: species are not im mutable, they change over time, the process that produces these changes is natural selection. variations among individuals affect the chance that a given individual will survive and reproduce. Darwin called this differential survival and reproduction of individuals natural selection. artificial selection: individuals with certain desirable traits by animal and plant breeders. population: a group of individuals of a single species that live and interbreed in a particular geographic area at the same time. For a population to evolve, its me mbers much possess heritable genetic variation, which is the raw material on which mechanisms of evolution act. heritable trait: a characteristic of an organism that is at least partly determined by its genes. The genetic constitution that governs a characteristic is called a genotype. a population evolves when individuals with different genotypes survive or reproduce at different rates.

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One common misconception about evolution is that individual organisms evolve. It is true that natural selection acts on individuals: Each organism's traits affect its survival and reproductive success compared with those of other individuals. But the evolutionary impact of natural selection is only apparent in the changes in a population of organisms over time.

Using at least two examples, explain how the process of evolution is revealed by the imperfections of living things. Provide evidence based facts.

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What is NOT a requirement for evolution by natural selection to occur?

a) Traits must be inherited

b) Traits must influence reproductive success

c) Inherited traits must have variation within the population

d) Characteristics that are favored (fitness) relate to the immediate environment

e) Variations will appear that will allow the survival of the species in future, unforeseen, circumstances.

Charles Darwin...

a) ... arrived at the idea of natural selection in the GalÃ¡pagos Islands.

b) ... was the first scientist to suggest evolution.

c) ... claimed that only aggressive and strong individuals would survive and reproduce.

d) ... with Alfred Wallace, published a mechanism for adaptive change, natural selection, and proposed a "tree of life".

e) ... argued that chimpanzees and gorillas were progressively evolving into human beings.

Adaptations are the characteristics of individual organisms--a reflection of the interaction of the genes and the environment. They are the product of natural selection. Although the process of natural selection is driven by the success or failure of individuals, the population--the collective of individuals and their alleles--changes through time, as individuals either succeed or fail to pass their genes to successive populations. Is there a good example to explain this concept? I need help understanding.

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BIOA02H3 Chapter 22: Mechanisms of Evolution--KEY TERMS & DEFINITIONS

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