CHMB42H3 Chapter 15: CHMB42 Chapter 15.doc
Document Summary
Nomenclature of disubstituted and polysubstituted benzenes: ortho: adjacent substituents on a benzene, meta: substituents separated by one carbon. If two substituents are different, they are listed in alphabetical order, where the first mentioned substituent is given the 1-position. The ring is numbered in the direction that gives the second substituent the lowest number. If one of the substituents can be incorporated into a name, that name is used and the incorporated substituent is given the 1-position (2-chlorotoluene or ortho-chlorotoluene): a few disubstituted benzenes have names that incorporate both substituents. For polysubstituted benzenes, the substituents are numbered in the direction that results in the lowest possible numbers and the substituents are listed in alphabetical order (2-bromo-4-chloro-1-nitrobenzene). Some substituents increase the reactivity of a benzene ring and some. Inductive electron withdrawal: if a substituent that is bonded to a benzene ring is more electron withdrawing than a hydrogen, it will draw the s electrons away.
