CHMB42H3 Chapter 19: CHMB42 Chapter 19.doc
Document Summary
Fundamentals: redox reactions: organic reactions that involve the transfer of electrons from one molecule to another. Reduction reactions: catalytic hydrogenations: reduction reactions because there are more c-h bonds in the products than in the reactants; hydrogen can be added to carbon- carbon double and triple bonds in presence of a metal catalyst (h2 and. Pt/pd/ni): an alkyne can be stopped at a cis alkene if a partially deactivated catalyst is used (lindlar catalyst). o. It can also be used to reduce carbon-nitrogen double and triple bonds to produce amines: the carbonyl group of ketones and aldehydes can be reduced by catalytic hydrogenation with raney nickel as the metal catalyst (h2 and. Oxidation of alcohols: chromic acid (h2cro4) is used to oxidize secondary alcohols to ketones. Like chromic acid oxidation, the swern oxidation uses e2 reaction to form the aldehyde or ketone. Oxidation of aldehydes and ketones: aldehydes are oxidized to carboxylic acids using na2cr2o7 and h2so4 or h2cro4.