GGRC02H3 Chapter Notes - Chapter week 11: Homicide, Structural Violence, North American Free Trade Agreement
MARTINEZ READING: STRUCTURAL VIOLENCE AND MIGRANT DEATHS IN SOUTHERN ARIZONA
- Deahts of unauthorized migrants along the US-Mexico border remain high despite
evidence that migration from Mexico has decreased dramatically since 2007
- About 6k deaths estimated
- PCOME (Pima County Office of the Medical Examiner) is responsible for examining 95%
of migrant remains discovered
- Multiple interrelated structural and political factors contribute to the humanitarian
crisis of migrant deaths in Southern Arizona
(1) border enforcement and securitization practices initiated in the mid-1990s that
effectively pushed migration flows into the most remote and dangerous regions of
the US-Mexico border
(2) neoliberal economic reform during 1990s that displaced hundreds-of-thousands
of campesinos throughout Mexico
(3) inadequate US immigration policies ill-equipped to deal with realities of an
increasingly globalized world;
(4) the long history and socially-embedded culture of migration in many regions of
Mexico
(5) the structurally-embedded demand for immigrant labor in the United States
Border enforcement and neoliberal reform: migrant deaths as a form of structural violence
- sharp increase in apprehension coincide w/ heightened border enforcement, but also
with the implementation of NAFTA
NAFTA was to reduce trade barriers in NA mainly for agricultural tariffs and quotas
between US and Mex allowed US producers to flood Mexican market w/ heavily
subsidized, cheap agricultural goods ultimately displacing 100ks of Mexican
laborers
oThus: neoliberal reform has had devastating conseq. For Mexican farmers
and others tied to the agricultural sector of Mexico’s economy
oNAFTA forced many to abandon farming altogether 1.1 – 1.4m farmers
driven out of work
oThe structural transformation forced many people to leave rural
communities throughout mexico in search of work in urban areas w/I
Mexico, near the border and across the border in the US
1990s and 2000s witnessed dramatic increases in the fortification of the US-Mexico
border as part of the “prevention through deterrence strategy” and a simultaneous
increases in reported migrant deaths
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Document Summary
Martinez reading: structural violence and migrant deaths in southern arizona. Deahts of unauthorized migrants along the us-mexico border remain high despite evidence that migration from mexico has decreased dramatically since 2007. Pcome (pima county office of the medical examiner) is responsible for examining 95% of migrant remains discovered. Multiple interrelated structural and political factors contribute to the humanitarian crisis of migrant deaths in southern arizona. (1) border enforcement and securitization practices initiated in the mid-1990s that effectively pushed migration flows into the most remote and dangerous regions of the us-mexico border. (2) neoliberal economic reform during 1990s that displaced hundreds-of-thousands of campesinos throughout mexico. (3) inadequate us immigration policies ill-equipped to deal with realities of an increasingly globalized world; (4) the long history and socially-embedded culture of migration in many regions of. (5) the structurally-embedded demand for immigrant labor in the united states.
