HLTA02H3 Chapter 24: Chapter 24

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skyhyena673

11 Jan 2012

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Making the gift of life safer: the canadian tainted blood scandal and its. While few risks are associated with the process of donation, the blood that is collected can carry pathogens that will contaminate transfusion recipients if they are not detected and eliminated from the blood supply. This risk has always existed since advances in transfusion technology made it possible for blood to be collected, stored, and transfused on a wide scale. In canada, this crisis-often referred to as the tainted blood scandal-sparked a public outcry that prompted an inquiry by the subcommittee on health issues. For giddens (1990), everyday life and the experience of risk in the late modernity are influenced by three mechanisms: time-space distanciation, disembedding mechanisms and reflexivity . Time-space distanciation pertains to the process by which daily life is imbedded within complex interrelated sets of events and actions that occurred in the past and in several other locations.

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Please read and answer the two questions:

47. A large number of accident victims needing blood transfusionsarrive in your health care clinic. There is little time todetermine the blood type of these individuals, yet your supply of Otype blood (the universal donor) is critically low. A cell biologystudent volunteering in the clinic suggests this problem can becircumvented by treating the blood from type A, type B, and type ABdonors with a readily available enzyme preparation that cleaves thecarbohydrate groups off any glycolipid exposed on the surface ofred blood cells.

According to the plan, this treated blood could then be used fortransfusion without matching the blood type of the victim. What isthe biological basis for the studentâs suggestion?

After looking at the extent of your malpractice insurance andpondering the consequences of inaction, would you follow thestudentâs plan? Why or why not?

Blood Donation Group (BDG) is a nationally recognized organization and one of the largest Australian companies in the blood supply chain industry. BDG was established in 1990 and has 50 branches all over Australia. The major activity of BDG is supplying blood products for hospitals. BDG main departments are:

a) The Marketing Department that motivates and recruits blood donors and predicts the demand for blood supply
b) The Quality Control and Assurance Department that ensures all regulatory requirements, policies and procedures are met to supply safe blood products.
c) The Blood Stock Management and Transfusion Services Department that is responsible for the blood product delivery and supply.

BDG has implemented an enterprise resource planning (ERP) system that integrates the functions and resources of information systems. The ERP system has been installed at the headquarter site on a local (in-house) server and all critical information about the donors and recipients are stored in a secure data warehouse.

The CEO, Dr. White, has recently received reports about some issues regarding the information systems used by BDG that include:

Issue 1: The cost of maintaining and updating the ERP system has increased. The current hardware, networks, and servers will need to be upgraded to be able to deal with a higher level of transactions.

Issue 2: BDG has planned to add 10 new branches that will require more technology infrastructure costs

Issue 3: Even though the ERP system has integrated existing information systems, there are issues such as timely access to donorsâ data and location tracking and communication.

Issue 4: The current CRM system is not integrated with social media that makes it difficult to recruit blood donors in younger age groups.

Issue 5: Emergency blood supply was delayed due to the inability of the information system to track donors and ask them to provide an urgent blood donation.

QUESTION:
Investigate how organisations evaluate the benefits and challenges of Cloud adoption. Include specific examples from the literature.

pucebear535

Define antibody screen and antibody identification.

2. Differentiate between the importance and use of the antibody screen versus antibody identification regarding each of the following:
a. Potential blood recipient
b. Donor unit
c. Prenatal/Postpartum patients
d. Recently transfused patients with positive DAT (Direct Antiglobulin Test)
e. Neonate with positive DAT

3. State the three phases of testing used in the antibody screen or antibody identification and which type of antibody can be detected in each phase.

4. State the significance of a negative antibody screen.

5. State the significance of a positive antibody screen.

6. Explain the importance of obtaining a patient transfusion and medication history when investigating a positive antibody screen.

7. Given the type of antibody identified, determine the necessary procedure for compatibility testing to provide blood for transfusion for the patient.

8. Explain the purpose of the autocontrol and its relationship to the DAT.

9. Define dosage as it relates to antibody-antigen interactions.

10. Given specific red cell antigen expression, determine if the antigen expression is homozygous or heterozygous.

11. Explain the significance of using screening and panel cells with homozygous antigen expression when performing an antibody screen or identification.

12. Explain the â3 cell rule-inâ rule with regard to antibody identification for single or multiple antibodies present.

13. Explain the ârule-outsâ rule with regard to antibody identification.

14. Given antibody agglutination results for an antibody identification panel, perform the â3 cell rule-inâ and all ârule-outsâ to identify the antibody(ies) present.

15. State which blood group antigens are destroyed by enzyme treatment and which antibodies have enhanced expression when tested against enzyme treated reagent red blood cells.

16. Define mixed field agglutination.

17. Describe specific occasions when mixed field agglutination may be present and identified.

18. Given a patient history, current ABO/Rh type, antibody screening and (if applicable) antibody identification results, interpret the testing results.

19. Given a patient history, current ABO/Rh type, antibody screening and (if applicable) antibody identification results, select the appropriate ABO/Rh type of red cell products for transfusion.

20. Given a patient history, current ABO/Rh type, antibody screening and (if applicable) antibody identification results, select the appropriate ABO type of frozen component products for transfusion.

21. Given a patient history, current ABO/Rh type, antibody screening and current or historical antibody identification results, determine the appropriate red blood cell antigen negative blood that would be required for transfusion.

22. For patients in Objective #21, given the antigen frequency of those red blood cell antigens, calculate the number of red blood cell donor units that would need to be screened for transfusion to fulfill the order requested by the physician.

23. Given a patientâs ABO/Rh type and/or other red blood cell antigen phenotyping results, determine the most probable genotype of the patient.

24. Given a patientâs ABO/Rh type and/or other red blood cell antigen phenotyping results, determine the most probable genotype or phenotype of the patientâs parents.

25. Given a patientâs ABO/Rh type and/or other red blood cell antigen phenotyping results, determine the antibody(ies) present in the patientâs serum or plasma.

26. Given donor physical, screening and/or history results, determine if the donor would be accepted, temporarily deferred, or permanently deferred from donating blood products

HLTA02H3 Chapter 24: Chapter 24

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