HLTB41H3 Chapter Notes - Chapter 14: Energy Density, Vitamin B6, Infant Formula
Chapter 14: Health Implications of Food Insecurity
-Food Security: the state that exists when all people, at all times, have physical and
economic access to sufficient, safe, and nutritious food to meet their dietary needs and food
preferences for an active and healthy life "
-Food Insecurity: the inability of individuals and households to access adequate food
because of financial constraints "
-Food insecurity is a serious social problem and a population health problem in "
-Canada"
Nutritional Implications of Food Insecurity
-food insecurity poses a major barrier to healthy eating and it is a potent marker of nutritional
inequity in Canada"
-Household FI appears to be much more closely aligned with nutritional vulnerability in
Canada than it does in the US"
-Most recent window into the nutritional implications of household food insecurity in Canada
comes from the 2004 CCHS, in which both dietary intake and household food security status
were assessed among a nationally sample of 35,000 Canadians"
-Results: on average adults and children of all ages of moderately or severely food insecure
households consumed fewer servings of fruits and vegetables and mild products than those
in food secure households and their diets were of poorer nutritional quality "
-Adults in food insecure households had lower intakes of vitamins and minerals, although the
statistical significance observed differences varied somewhat by age and sex"
-Few differences in children nutritional intakes, but there were differences for adolescents in
food insecure households has lower dietary fibre and higher prevalence of inadequacy—ie
usual nutrient intakes insufficient to meet basic nutrient requirements for good health— for
several nutrients including protein, vitamin A,C,D thiamin, riboflavin Vitamin B6 folate,
Vitamin B12, magnesium, phosphorous and zinc "
-Results suggest that household food insecurity poses a very real threat to nutritional health
and well-being "
-Adults restrict their own food intakes to spare for their children "
-Study: Most food insecure women had inadequate intakes of folate and vitamin C, over one
third had inadequate intakes of iron and vitamins A,B6—but children adequate "
-Suggests women compromise their own nutritional intake in order to preserve the adequacy
of their children’s diets—most children were under the age of 9"
-Evidence emerging that older children in resource-constrained households independently
engage in strategies to minimize their own hunger and limit the material demands they place
on their families, helping to free up food for younger siblings and lessen stress in the family "
-Adolescents in food insecure household exhibit greater levels of dietary compromises than
young and school aged children "
-Prevalence of food insecurity is very high in Inuit communities "
-Recent study of 292 children aged 8-15 in Nunavik (upper Quebec) found that nearly half
were moderately or severely food insecure, FI was associated with:"
1. Shorter stature ( on average 2cm shorter which equates to approx. one half year growth—
indicating long term compromises in dietary quality and quantity"
2. Lower hemoglobin levels "
-There are indicators that the consumption of traditional foods mitigate the negative effects of
household food insecurity on dietary quality—highlighting the complex interplay bw
household resources, food access, and options for food acquisition in these communities "
-Infant food insecurity: when food insecurity compromises mothers food intakes and causes
them to cease breastfeeding prematurely (Leslie Frank study)"
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