HLTB21H3 Chapter 7: Chapters 7, 8, 9

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blueserval947

14 Dec 2010

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Document Summary

Origin-old world disease and an indiscriminate disease, 10000bc first agricultural settlements in ne africa and spread to. India by means of ancient egyptian merchants, earliest evidence on mummies (1570-1085bc) pharaoh ramses v died. 1122bc in china mentioned in ancient text of india, 100ad plague of antonine, europe: frequent epidemic during middle ages, 16th century became a serious disease in england and europe. Etiology-virus: genus orthopoxvirus(also includes: monkeypox, cowpox, camelpox virus etc. Clinical manifestation-acute onset-fever, malaise, rigors, vomiting, headache, backache, and occasionally delirium. Epidemiology-18th century-60 million europeans, case fatality rate varied from 20-60%, 1/3 of survivor became blind, acquired immunity disease of childhood, epidemic every 5-15 years. Variolation led to the practice of vaccination, controversy over who started vaccination, he planned the experiments, 1796. Sp canada-1796 dr. john clinch forwarded a letter to dr. edward jenner in gloucestershire requesting info about using cowpox pustule matter; -1799 vaccinating people in newfoundland. Late 19th century realized that subsequent revaccination was necessary.

Related Questions

QUESTION 1 1. The relative importance or burden of a disease within a population will depend on a number of factors including : A. Disease frequency B. Disease severity C. Disease consequences D. All of the above

QUESTION 2 1 . With the epidemiologic transition, there is a reduction in malnutrition and _____ . A. Communicable diseases B. Injuries C. Non-communicable chronic diseases D. Mental health disorders

QUESTION 3 1. A major challenge to developing a burden of disease profile in low and middle-income countries relates to A. Unwillingness to share complete information B. Conflicting disease definitions C. Challenges obtaining information related to cause of death D. All of the above

QUESTION 4 1. The demographic transition describes which of the following changes to society A. Changes in birth and death rates that reflect a modern society B. Declines in mortality followed by a reduction in fertility C. A change in the age structure of the population D. All of the above

QUESTION 5 1. Measures of health status that combine mortality and morbidity data A. Facilitate comparisons both within and across populations B. Help estimate the quantitative health benefits from interventions C. Serve as tools to assist with resource allocation D. All of the above

QUESTION 6 1. The disability-adjusted life year is defined as A. A health gap population summary measure that combines time lost due to disability with that lost due to death B. A measure to compare the gap between the current situation to that of an ideal situation C. A measure that combines the amount of healthy life lost due to morbidity with that lost due to injury. D. Answers B and C

QUESTION 7 1. True or false? A key limitation to mortality-based indicators is that they fail to account for the morbidity caused by disease. True False

QUESTION 8 1. The most widely used composite measure of population health is the DALY, and this epidemiological measure is the sum of morbidity and ________data. A. Years of life lost (YLL) B. Morbidity C. Infant mortality rates (IMR) D. none of the above

QUESTION 9 1. What would be the best source of information on adult and infant mortality (in high income countries)? A. Disease registers B. Vital statistics C. Special survey study D. Hospital clinic statistics

QUESTION 10 1. Which term is best used to describe the proportion of people in a population who have a defined disease at a specific point of time? A. DALY B. Incidence C. Mortality rate D. Prevalence

QUESTION 11 1. Which term is best used to describe new cases of disease occurring in a population? A. DALY B. Incidence C. Mortality rate D. Prevalence

QUESTION 12 1. Which term is used to describe the absence or presence of illness or disease? A. Demography B. Morbidity C. Mortality D. Vitality

QUESTION 13 1. Mortality (death indicators) include: A. Mortality rate B. Infant mortality rate C. Neonatal morality rate D. All of the above

QUESTION 14 1. True or false? The value of life is often implicit in the way resource allocation decisions are made, which suggests that these decisions should be as explicit, open, and transparent as possible. True False

QUESTION 15 1. _________________is projected as the number one leading cause of disease burden in 2030. A. Ischemic heart disease B. Diabetes mellitus C. HIV/AIDS D. Unipolar depression

QUESTION 16 1. Some of the negative aspects of globalization include A. Greater insecurity of employment B. Poorer housing and sanitation due to rapid urbanization C. Greater vulnerability to environmental degradation D. All of the above

QUESTION 17 1. Current concerns about climate change focus on several developments including A. Rising global average land and sea surface temperature B. Increasing frequency of extreme weather conditions C. Both A and B D. None of the above

QUESTION 18 1. True or false? Diseases carried by mosquitoes are especially sensitive to meteorological conditions because they are vulnerable to changes in the ambient temperature. As a result of changing temperatures, infectious diseases such as malaria and dengue have decreased in incidence and geographic range. True False

QUESTION 19 1. True or false? International cooperation of infectious disease control has a long history that includes obligatory reporting of outbreaks of specific diseases. However, compliance with obligatory reporting has been poor due to economic consequences that have often accompanied notification of disease outbreaks. True False

QUESTION 20 1. True or false? Globalization is a relatively new phenomenon that began in the mid-20th century. True False

Vaccination (Short Informative Paper)

1.Definition of vaccine/vaccination

a. Describe experiment that lead to discovery of vaccination

2. Describe how a vaccine is made or prepared(i.e. mechanisms for how do they work; in terms of immunity)

3. Explain how vaccines are administered(dosages, administration procedures)

4.Classification of vaccines (Live, attenuated(Bacteria & Viral), inactivated)-distinguish between

a. Describe the course of treatment given if a person is not up to date on vaccination against tetanus

b. Briefly elaborate on the significance of the vaccinia virus in terms of vaccine development/research

5.At least two childhood diseases for which vaccines are available and the name of the vaccines for the diseases.

6. Comparison of HINI flu virus vs influenza âfluâ virus

a. Name of the virus(itself that causes the disease) . What type of viruses are they?

b. With HINI: what is the origin. Method of infection, and symptoms of the disorder

c. Why is the flu more prevalent in the winter time?

d. Provide rationales for the seemingly severe flu season/mortality rates we had this past season.

e. vaccines/latest technology for flu

7. Explain how the flu vaccine works: begin with injection and go up to the adaptive immune

response. DO NOT address the development or selection of lymphocytes . Also do not

include details of signal transduction either. Do not address Re-exposure.

--- For this part use outline format and you may include pictures to show the steps in this process

8. To Vaccinate or Not: Problems surrounding vaccines in general. Include your opinion, based on the

evidence presented(i.e. you can use a specific example(s) where there is controversy about a particular

vaccine). b. Is natural immunity better than vaccination? Why or why not?

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Vaccination