HLTB21H3 Chapter 17: Ch. 17 study guide

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sangriaraven141

15 Dec 2010

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~bioterrorism attack- the deliberate release of viruses, bacteria, other germs (agents) used to cause illness or death in people, animals, or plants. ~argentine hemorrhagic (junin) fever was developed because of change in agricultural practices. Plant corn home for little mouse (calomys musculinis) mouse carries junin fever more human infections. It killed much more ppl than black death or hiv. Outbreak was due to the crowding conditions of soldiers in kansas. Mid- 1918, soldiers carries disease to east coast in the south then to midwest and onward to pacific states. In transit across america, disease start appearing among civilian population. Symptoms: fever, chills, sore throat, lack of energy, muscular pain,headache, nasal congestion. Highly infectious ro=10 // spread from person to person through coughing and sneezing. Instead, wild birds maintain virus in their intestines (do not get sick) carries the disease. Then, transmit to intermediate host usually chicken, geese or ducks.

Related Questions

1. The three infectious diseases that cause the majority ofdeaths worldwide are influenza, hepatitis B, and malaria.

True False

Although it is normally transmitted by mosquitoes, malaria couldpotentially be transmitted by blood transfusions as the parasitethat causes it lives in the blood.

True

False

3. The overuse of ____________________ can cause bacteria todevelop genetic resistance.

4. Chagas is the most important parasitic illness in _______causing 40,000 deaths each year.

		Latin America
		Australia
		Asia
		Europe
		North America

5. List four factors that are responsible for emerginginfectious disease.

6. The Ebola virus is spread through casual contact.

True

False

tanpig844

In its most recent report, the IPCC concludes that the average temperature of the earth's surface has risen by 0.6 Â°C since the late 1800s. It is expected to increase by another 1.4â5.8 Â°C by the year 2100 â a rapid and profound change.

The World Health Organization (WHO) has estimated that 1.5 billion people live in cities with unsafe levels of airborne particulate matter

Changes in temperature and rainfall conditions influence transmission patterns for many diseases,

The livelihood of more than half of the economically active population in the developing world directly depends in whole or part on the environment through agriculture, as well as animal husbandry, hunting, fishing, forestry, and foraging. This alone underscores the importance of the central place of environment in the emerging post-2015 Sustainable Development Goals.

1. Do you agree or Disagree on the importance environmentally sustainable development. Explain why?

2. Are developed countries more responsible for damage to the climate?(due to build up in the past)

3. What, if any, is the responsibility of the developed world to assist lesser developed countries with resilience to climate change?

4. Should the burden of sustainable development and to clean up be shared according to current population, proportional to GDPpc, or current emissions? that isShould the burden of cleaning or cutting back on emission be distributed among countries such that

a) one with more population

b) one with higher GDP per capita

c) one which has higher emissions

5. What can we as individuals do?

Investigation of Possible Bioterrorism-Related Activity

Patient History:

A 38-year-old woman who resided in the Northeast was admitted to the hospital with fever, myalgia, and weakness, which progressed over 3 days to respiratory failure requiring mechanical ventilation. On day 22, after 3 weeks of intensive care, the patient was still febrile. Cultures of blood were negative.

Hospital personnel interviewed family members who reported no history of traditional risk factors for fever of unknown origin (e.g., relevant food, infected animal contact, or travel history). On day 24, the patient's family reported to hospital personnel that the patient's illness might have been caused by exposure to laboratory flasks and cultures kept in her apartment by her boyfriend. He was described as a foreign national studying biology, but recently he had returned to his country of citizenship. On day 25, the patient's family brought laboratory flasks, Petri dishes, and culture media to the hospital from the patient's apartment. Several contained an unidentified clear liquid. The patientâs unresponsiveness and the acknowledged potential for some bacterial species to be used as bioterrorist agents raised concerns among the infection control staff that this case might be associated with a bioterrorist event or unintentional exposure to contaminated materials in the patient's home. The hospital contacted local law enforcement, the Department of Public Health, and the Federal Bureau of Investigation about the unusual circumstances surrounding the case.

On day 30, under the authority of state communicable disease statutes and in cooperation with the local police department, fire department, and hazardous materials unit, NHDHHS personnel entered the patient's apartment to assess any possibility of an ongoing public health hazard. Remaining flasks were removed and cultured. After 48 hours, growth of a translucent, pinpoint, and smooth colony appeared on blood agar and chocolate agar.

Gram stain of the colonies revealed faintly staining Gram-negative rods that were catalase positive, oxidase positive, and rapidly urea positive. On day 33, the patient began to get better after extensive antibiotic therapy.

Early detection is essential to ensure a prompt response to a biological terrorist event. Local public health authorities must rely on clinicians to recognize and report suspicious or unusual presentations of disease. However, correlating suspicious cases originating from diverse locations or discerning an increase in common presentations above the normal baseline is difficult. As in this case, public health practitioners coordinating disease surveillance may be able to receive reports of rare diseases and to determine whether they are occurring at a higher than normal rate in a large surveillance area.

The CDC, in collaboration with local, state, and territorial health departments, is enhancing existing disease surveillance systems for specific diseases that are normally rare in the United States but thought to have a high potential for public health impact if used as biological terrorism agents. This is being accomplished by improving training of clinical, laboratory, and public health personnel in recognizing suspicious disease presentations and by expanding of existing, disease-specific surveillance infrastructure. In addition, surveillance is being improved for disease presentations, such as acute respiratory distress, hemorrhagic, or meningeal symptoms normally caused by common infectious agents, but that could indicate an increase in illnesses caused by a biological agent used in terrorism. Surveillance mechanisms to rapidly assess changes in rates of disease include monitoring of calls to local emergency medical systems, regularly reviewing emergency department discharge diagnoses, and linking infection control practitioner networks.

Assignment:

For this case study, write a 1-page report that describes the possible agent of bioterrorism along with pathogenesis, treatment, and prevention. Include a brief discussion of sentinel labs and their role in recognizing potential episodes of bioterrorism.

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HLTB21H3 Chapter 17: Ch. 17 study guide

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