HLTB21H3 Chapter Notes - Chapter 1: Legionella, Pus, Headache

147 views3 pages

goldbeetle320

14 Mar 2012

School

Department

Course

Professor

For unlimited access to Textbook Notes, a Class+ subscription is required.

Document Summary

Symptoms of pneumonia: fever, chills, headache, muscle aches, dry cough, chest pains, shortness of breath, vomiting, diarrhea, lungs filled with fluid and pus, confusion, disorientation, hallucinations, loss of memory. In 1976 peter turner, a world war 2 veteran attended the legion convention in philadelphia and was the first to get this disease in the hotel where he was for a convention. Legionnaires" disease effected 221 people and 33 died from pneumonia. Protective mechanisms that normally prevent aspiration are defective in older people, smokers and people with lung disease. 11,000 cases documented of legionnaires" disease in the us annually, and estimates of 100,000 with a fatality rate of 15% Outbreaks have been traced to water heaters, whirlpool baths, respiratory therapy equipment, an ultrasonic misters used in grocery stores. Toxic shock syndrome or tss is a gender specific disease. Mary benton, graduate student and english composition ta at usla was the first to get it.

Related Questions

Carol is a 60-year-old who arrives at the clinic with a 2-day history of fever of 101F, chills, dry nonproductive cough, and fatigue and weakness. She reports that she recently returned from a large convention where there were over 5000 attendees. On examination, she has dullness to percussion in the right and left lower lobes and inspiratory crackles. She has bibasilar consolidation on radiograph. She is diagnosed with legionellosis. She asks you how she contracted this disease. What would you tell her?

lilacporpoise891

During the golden age of antibiotic discovery, many new antibiotics were isolated from the soil. Recent studies have found that soil bacteria are naturally resistant to most antibotics. Some of the soil bacteria may even use antibiotics as a nutrient source. Antibiotics must kill a broad spectrum of bacteria while being absorbed harmlessly by the body. Most antibiotics were developed based on Ehrlich "magic bullet" paradigm which is suited to testing antibiotic efficacy in a lab. However, infections are more complex than a pure culture on media in a petri plate. Antibiotic resistance conjures up the pre-antibiotic era of medicine in the early 20th century. The emergence of a plasmid mediated resistance to carbopenems, a last-line drug against a variety of bacteria was alarming to public health workers. Antibiotics may cause collateral damage like a C. diff infection that leads to colitis.

5. Why is a bacterial infection that involves a biofilm harder to control with antibiotics than an infection which does not involve a biofilm?

6. Explain how taking antibiotics would cause the bacteria Clostridium difficle, which is part of the healthy colon microbiome, to become pathogenic?

7. How do bacteria resist antibiotics?

Bacteria also develop resistance to biocides. Traditional cleaning methods for equipment may have limitations. For example, patients who recieve a bed used by a prior patient with a bacterial infection are at an increased risk for being colonized and infected by that same bacteria. In addition, bacteria in a healthcare setting are exposed to disinfection which selects for the resistant members of that bacterial population. No-touch methods of disinfection, i.e. uv light or hydrogen peroxide vapor, of equipment may be an improvement. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29214175# (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site..

8. Are biofilms a concern when disinfecting equipment? Why?

During the Flint, MI water crises as levels of chlorine fell in the drinking water cases of Legionnaires' disease increased. Legionnaires' disease is a water borne infectious disease caused by Legionella. One study reported that for every drop in cholorine concentration of mg/L of river water the odds of a reported case of Legionnaire's disease increased by 80%, thus establishing not causation but association. Some argued that Legionella is tolerant of chlorine, espceillay when it grows in biofilms and that the temperature difference between lake and river water accounts for the increase in Legionella infections. The recommended level of chlorine to treat water for drinking is 0.2-0.5 mg/L.

doi:10.1126/science.aat2210 Was Flintâs deadly Legionnairesâ epidemic caused by low chlorine levels in the water supply? David Shult (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site.z

Was Flintâs deadly Legionnairesâ epidemic caused by low chlorine levels in the water supply?

9. What effect would increasing the concentration of chlorine to 1.4 mg/L have had on the people who drink Flint water?

10. What happens to the water pipes when chlorine levels are increased to control bacteria? Could these uninteded consequences increase bacterial growth?

ochrecrocodile432

Streptococcus Pneumonia a hemolysis

1. Main biological features

a. Cell shape, arrangement, Gram stain, endospores, capsule, unusual features.

2. Clinical Manifestations

a. List the diseases that are produced by this microorganism.

3. Mechanism of Disease

a. List of how the microorganism induces disease: Toxin, proteolysis, pyogenic, immunological mechanism or multiple mechanisms.

4. Transmission

a. How the microorganism is transmitted and who is at risk of acquiring the infection.

5. Prevention

a. List the most common prevention methods

b. Is there a vaccine?

6. Treatment

a. Is antimicrobial intervention necessary?

b. Have resistant strains been detected?

c. List the common methods of treatment (you donât need to list drug names).

d. Prognosis â Mortality associated with the disease

HLTB21H3 Chapter Notes - Chapter 1: Legionella, Pus, Headache

Document Summary

Get access

Related Documents

HLTB21H3 Chapter Notes -Tampon, Legionella, Protozoa

HLTB21H3 Chapter 1: Chapter 1

HLTB21H3 Chapter 1: In-depth notes on chapter 1

Related Questions