HLTC22H3 Chapter 7: chapter 7

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14 Feb 2012

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Food-borne illnesses are a risk for older adults who have lost their sense of smell since they may be unable to detect food that has spoiled (eggs, milk, meat) Hearing: age-related changes in the auditory structures affect not only hearing but balance as well, sound is transmitted through the outer ear into the middle ear, the middle ear contains 3 ossicles/little bones. Its causes are: diabetes, tumours, high bp, malnutrition, atherosclerosis. The lens loses elasticity with age making it more difficult to focus on near objects: muscles in the iris decrease in number and strength with age and its collagen stiffens, reducing the ability of the pupil to enlarge. Wet amd can be sudden resulting in visual decline. Dry is most common but wet is responsible for most cases in which there is severe vision loss. There are no good treatments for wet & dry yet: glaucoma = leading cause of blindness in adults over age 50.

Related Questions

I need help answering the following:

1) Specially trained dogs can identify patients with type I diabetes by smelling them. It turns out that the patientsâ breath contains an unusually large amount of a chemical called Isoprene. Design a sensory cell in the olfactory bulb that would enable the dog to detect isoprene. Your sensory organ must include the 3 basic elements of receptors (clearly identify them) and must fire action potentials. (100 word limit).

2) What modification would you make to the sensory cell that would increase the sensitivity of the receptor so it can detect even just a few molecules of Isoprene? (50 word limit)

Sensory systems

1.All sensory input arrives at the central nervous system in the same form, as ____________ propagated by afferent neurons. Perception of the type and intensity of a stimulus depends on which part of the brain the impulse projects to and the firing frequency the sensory neuron.

A.action potentials B.receptor potentials C.reflexes D.frequency localizations E.thresholds

2.The simplest sensory receptors are __________ that respond to mechanical distortion,changes in temperature, or specific chemicals.

A.nociceptors B.free nerve endings C.gated channels D.photoreceptors. E.ganglia

3.When membrane proteins on an olfactory neuron are stimulated by the binding of a specific chemical, what is the immediate result?

A.membrane depolarization B.membrane repolarization C.active ion transport D.membrane hyperpolarization E.neurotransmitter release

5.The lateral line system provides ________ with a sense of "distant touch," enabling these animals to sense objects that reflect pressure waves and low-frequency vibrations.

A.adult amphibians B.reptiles C.birds D.mammals E.fish

6.Which correctly represents the sequence of steps involved to convey sensory information to the CNS?

A.stimulation and ion flow through the synaptic cleft B.neurotransmitter release and interpretation
C.neurotransmitter release and ion flow through the synaptic cleft D.stimulation, transduction, transmission, and interpretation E.stimulation, transmission, and neurotransmitter release

7.Which of the following stimuli do vertebrates NOT have a specialized receptor for?

A.hearing B.taste C.smell D.humidity E.vision

8.Which of the following is NOT an example of a mechanoreceptor?

A.Meissner's corpuscles B.Ruffini endings C.Merkel cells D.red corpuscles E.Pacinian corpuscles

9.What are the receptors called that transmit impulses that are perceived by the brain as pain?
A. baroreceptors B. chemoreceptors C. nociceptors
D. thermoreceptors E. propioceptors

10. Which of the following do humans NOT have taste buds specialized to sense?

A. salty B. sour. C. sweet. D. vitamins E. bitter

11. Which type of immunityoccurs as a response to illness or vaccination?

	Acquired active
	Acquired passive
	Natural

12. What are the uniquecharacteristics of the immune system?

	repository, recognition, defense
	self recognition, specificity, memory
	interception, defense, notification
	specificity, memory, defense

13. Which of the followingis not one of the three unique characteristics ofthe immune system?

	memory
	sensitivity
	specificity
	self-recognition

14. Which of the followingis an age related change associated with the immune system?

	Increase in the number of macrophages and monocytes
	The thymus continues to produce the same number of T cells withage
	The rate of B-cell production declines with age
	Immune memory declines with aging

15. A decrease in ________secretion causes a lowering of blood volume and blood pressure andan increase is body osmotic pressure.

	FSH
	GH
	LDH
	T3
	ADH

16. Which of the followingstatements regarding antibodies is true?

	they destroy antigens by engulfing them
	IgA activates the complement system
	IgE antibodies release histamine and cause inflammation
	Antibodies are manufacture and by platelets

17. Which condition causesautoimmune damage to receptors for acetylcholine at theneuromuscular junction?

	Multiple sclerosis
	Rheumatoid arthritis
	Myasthenia gravis
	Crohn's disease

18. Which is true inregards to Immune memory?

	the number of memory cells increase with age due to the fact thebody has been exposed to numerous antigens throughout life
	the strength of the memory cells is not altered with aging butthe speed in which the memory cells responds decreases with age
	the function of the memory cells is not really altered until thepatient reaches approximately eighty years of age
	less decline in the ability to maintain memory that was producedduring youth or young adulthood, as oppose to memory that came onin older adulthood

19. All of the followingare ways to minimize the undesirable effects of aging on our immunesystem, except what?

	diet low in complex carbs
	regular vaccinations
	seek early treatment when ill
	wearing sun protection

20. Which type of immunesystem cell is formed from an unspecialized lymphocyte because ofthe influence of the thymus on the lymphocyte?

	A-Cell
	D-Cell
	G-Cell
	M-Cell
	T-Cell

HLTC22H3 Chapter 7: chapter 7

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