HLTB21H3 Chapter Notes - Chapter 16: Joseph Goldberger, World War I, Cellular Respiration

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jademole404

29 Apr 2011

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Chapter 16 plagues w/o germs (diet- deficiency diseases) deficirncy diseases called plagues w/o germs. *clinical symptoms often refered to as 4d"s: dermatitis, diarrhea, dementia, and death. Often afflicted the poor, disease was not only in italy. often indv who consumed mainly corn, salas: concluded that it was die tp a parasite verdet in the corn no microbe of vector could be found. 1900 struck the american south (spring, worse in may-june, then declined). first found in the insane jospitals of alabama and then in farmers and mill workers. 1909- declared disease of 26 states but low levels in america fatality rate at 40% 1916, second leading cause of death in. America. no cause, no treatment, no development in injected animals. 1930s mil deaths worldwide due to pallagra. by 1950 pellagra had been eradicated from the united states. pallagra was tied to economics despite indirect evidence of pellagra as a dietary-deficiency disease a hidden hunger few accepted this notion.

Related Questions

Terry Page is a 42 year old male who presents to an outpatient GI clinic with stomach pain and intestinal complaints. Terry has had both diarrhea and constipation for many years. Ht: 5â8â Wt: 294lbs. Medical History: GERD, obesity, Colonoscopy was negative Diagnosis: IBS Medications: Omeprazole 5o mg BID (proton pump inhibitor) ; Vitamin D 600 IU; 800 mg calcium; Lomotil PRN (for diarrhea), Metamucil 1 Tbsp in 8 oz liquid BID Labs: Negative for stool cultures (bacteria). Significant labs from CBS, CMP: FBG = 115; Cholesterol = 201; LDL- C = 155; HDL-C = 32; Triglycerides = 181; HbA1c = 6.1; Diet History: Terry has a good appetite even with abdominal pain and diarrhea. He has gained 20 pounds in the past 5 years. He does not seem to find any foods that trigger diarrhea more than others but notices increased gas with broccoli or cauliflower. AM: Yogurt smoothie with 1 cup fresh fruit (peaches and cherries) with 8 oz low fat yogurt or dry cereal with dried fruit, nuts mixed with yogurt and 2-3 cups of coffee with half & half and artificial sweetener. Mid-morning: Diet Pepsi, Â½ cup dried fruit and nuts Lunch: Salad with kidney beans or lentils, cheese, tomatoes, carrots, asparagus with Italian dressing (1/4 cup) and 12-15 wheat crackers and Diet Pepsi or Sandwich with lunchmeat, cheese and chips PM: Some type of meat with pasta or potatoes and a variety of vegetables and some type of bread or roll with butter. Snacks: Ice cream, cake or cookies, usually each night but lately has been trying sugar free cookies to help with weight loss. Drinks wine or beer 2-3 times per week.

1- What is inflammatory bowel disease? What does your textbook indicate regarding its etiology? (use page numbers from textbook as reference and as part of your answer) (4)

2. Before Terryâs IBS diagnosis, Terry searched his symptoms on Google and he thought he had ulcerative colitis or Crohnâs. How could this happen? What are the similarities and differences between IBS, Crohnâs disease and ulcerative colitis? Use textbook page references with your answer(4)

3. Which of Terryâs laboratory values indicate the presence of inflammation? (4)

4. What would be the primary nutrition concerns for Mr. Page? (3)

5. Prepare a food plan that may help with Terryâs IBS symptoms (6)

6. What is standard treatment for Terryâs diarrhea & abdominal pain with IBS? (4)

Chronic Diarrhea in a Traveler

Patient History

A 21-year-old male presents with a 6-week history of watery diarrhea and crampy abdominal pain. He reports that the diarrhea has not been constant and has alternated with periods of constipation. For the past 2 weeks, the diarrhea has been blood streaked, and he has had several weeks of mid-epigastric pain. He spent the last 6 months in a rural community in Guatemala participating in a community service project sponsored by his college. He returned from Guatemala just 10 days ago. While there, he drank the water and ate the food available in the local community, and he did not regularly boil the water for drinking. He denies antibiotic exposure but was taking mefloquine weekly for malaria prophylaxis. Two separate stool specimens taken by student health when he returned were reported as negative for Salmonella, Shigella, Campylobacter, E. coli 0157:H7, Yersinia, Aeromonas, and Plesiomonas, as well as Giardia lamblia. On physical examination, he appeared well-nourished and well-developed but reported an 8â10 pound weight loss. He was afebrile with a blood pressure of 110/80 mm Hg, pulse rate of 84/min, respirations of 14/min, and his lungs were clear. The abdominal examination was significant for tenderness localized to the right upper quadrant without rebound tenderness, but no mass or hepatomegaly was appreciated.

Travelerâs diarrhea is loose, watery diarrhea that occurs within the first week of arriving in a new country. The diarrhea is usually accompanied by nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramps, and fever; however, the disease is self-limited, and the average length of illness is 3â5 days. Because his symptoms have persisted for 6 weeks, the patient is unlikely to have travelerâs diarrhea. Infectious and noninfectious causes include bacteria, parasites, ulcerative colistis, diverticulitis, and carcinoma. As the symptoms have persisted longer than a week, consider parasites as an infectious cause.

Assignment

Provide a 1-page report on this case study. For the report, describe methods of appropriate specimen collection, examination of specimen, and a likely causative agent.

For the causative agent, describe pathogenesis of the organism, treatment, and prevention.

Under pathogenesis, describe how the agent is acquired, its reservoir, its life cycle, likely hosts, and infection process.

carminereindeer124

One summer in the late 1990s, a group of tourists from the United Kingdom became ill after they all stayed at the same hotel in Greece. Epidemiologists conducted surveys among all the people who had stayed at that hotel during the 2.5 half week period in which people were reporting their illnesses. They did this in an attempt to determine the cause of the symptoms, which were primarily diarrhea and nausea. They surveyed 239 people; 224 of them reported having been ill while they were still on vacation or shortly after their return. Their diarrheal symptoms lasted 10-15 days. Seventy of the 224 people who reported illness were classified has having definite cases of gastrointestinal disease. A case was called âdefiniteâ when a pathogen could actually be recovered from their stool. Of these, the vast majority tested positive for one particular microorganism.

1. Microscopic analysis of the stool samples revealed the presence of small oval shaped structures, with defined outer walls and 2 to 4 nuclei inside that looked like seeds. What is your diagnosis?

2.What organisms should be included in the differential diagnosis of this infection?

3. What features of the symptoms suggest that the causative organisms in not likely to be Staphylococcus aureus?

4.Epidemiologists interviewed the patients about their vacation activities and food intake to try to identify the environmental source of the infection. There was no relationship between illness and a personâs attending one of the scheduled childrenâs activities at the hotel. Only two types of food available in the dining room seemed to be associated with the illness: raw vegetables and salads. There was also a statistically significant relationship between illness and having consumed orange juice made from a mix (with hotel water). So what was the likely source?â

5. Why would an epidemiologist even ask about a person's attendance at children's activities?

6. Are there any symptoms that would help to distinguish this type of diarrheal illness from others?

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HLTB21H3 Chapter Notes - Chapter 16: Joseph Goldberger, World War I, Cellular Respiration

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