NROB60H3 Chapter 5: Synaptic Transmission

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9 Apr 2012
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Kats: showed that fast synapse of motor neuron and skeletal muscle was chemically mediated. Eccles: used glass microelectrode to study physiology of synaptic transmission in mammalian cns; indicated many cns neurons use chemical transmission. Types of synapses: presynaptic to target postsynaptic. 1-2nm diameter pore so major ions and small organic molecules can pass. Common in early embryonic stages; allows signals to control growth and maturation. Also found between many non neuronal cells. Synaptic vesicles are in cytoplasm adjacent to active zones: postsynaptic density: protein thickly accumulated in and under postsynaptic membrane; contains neurotransmitter receptors that convert intercellular signal to intracellular signal, cns synapses. Axodendritic: if postsynaptic membrane is on dendrite. Axosomatic: if postsynaptic membrane is on cell body. Axoaxonic: if postsynaptic membrane is on another axon. Dendrodendritic synapses: when dendrites synapse on dendrites. Gray"s type i synapses/asymmetrical synapses: synapses where the membrane differentiation is thicker on the presynaptic side; usually excitatory.

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