PSYB32H3 Chapter 11: Study Guide of Chapter 11 for PSYB32

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19 Jul 2010
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Chapter 11: Schizophrenia
• Schizophrenia: psychotic disorder characterized by major disturbances in
through, emotion, and behaviour disordered thinking in which ideas are not
logically related, faulty perceptions and attention, flat or inappropriate affect,
and bizarre disturbances in motor activity
• They withdraw from people and reality, often into a fantasy life of delusions and
hallucinations
• Its own of the most severe psychopathologies
• Prevalence of 1%
• Sometimes begins in childhood, but usually begins in adolescence to young
adulthood.
Clinical Symptoms of Schizophrenia
• Disturbances in several major areas –thought, perceptions and attention, motor
behaviour; affect or emotions and life functioning
• There is a lot of heterogeneity
Positive Symptoms
• Positive symptoms: comprise excesses or distortions, such as disorganized
speech, hallucinations and delusions, an acute episode of schizophrenia
• It involve the presence of too much of a behaviour that is not apparent in most
people
Disorganized speech
• Aka formal thought disorder
• Disorganized speech: problems in organizing ideas and in speaking so that a
listener cannot understand
• There is incoherence in conversations (not connected and hard to understand)
• Speech may also be disordered as loose associations/derailment (difficulty
sticking to one topic)
o They may drift off in what they are saying
• But disorganized speech is not a discriminator between schizophrenia and other
psychoses (like some mood disorders)
Delusions
• Thinking that others are plotting against you
• Delusions: beliefs held contrary to reality, are common positive symptoms
• Persecutory delusions are found in 65% of them
• They may think their thoughts are beings stolen from them or are being
broadcasted
Hallucinations and Other disorders of Perception
• They may feel depersonalized
• Hallucinations: sensory experiences in the absence of any stimulation from the
environment (more auditory than visual)
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o They hear their own thoughts spoken by another voice
o They hear voices arguing
o Here voices commenting on their behaviour
Negative Symptoms
• Negative symptoms: behavioural deficits, such as avolition, alogia, anhedonia,
flat affect and ascoiality
• They tend to endure beyond an acute episode and have profound effects on the
lives of patients
• Flat affect can be a side effect of antipsychotic medication
Avolition
• Apathy/avolition: lack of energy and seeming absence of interest or inability to
persist in what are usually routine activities
• Inattentive to grooming and personal hygiene
• Difficulty persistent at work, school or household chores
Alogia
• A negative thought disorder
• Poverty of speech, sheer amount of speech is greatly reduced
• Poverty in content of speech
• Vague and repetitive speech
Anhedonia
• An inability to experience pleasure
• They are aware of it
Flat Affect
• No stimulus can elicit an emotional response
• Stare vacantly, muscles of face flaccid, and eyes lifeless
• Flat and toneless voice
Asociality
• impaired social relationships
• few friends, poor social skills and little interest being with people
• Schizophrenia onset is beginning in childhood
• It is also said that they might not be able to recognize the emotions on top of not
being able to express it
Other Symptoms
• Catatonia: several motor abnormalities
o Gesture repeatedly, using peculiar and complex finger sequences of
finger, hand and arm movements
o Sometimes excitement, wild flailing of the limbs
o Catatonic Immobility: patients adopt unusual postures and maintain
them for a very long period of time (stand on one leg)
o Waxy flexibility: another person can move the patient’s limb into strange
positions that the patient will then maintain for extended periods
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Document Summary

Schizophrenia: psychotic disorder characterized by major disturbances in through, emotion, and behaviour disordered thinking in which ideas are not logically related, faulty perceptions and attention, flat or inappropriate affect, and bizarre disturbances in motor activity. They withdraw from people and reality, often into a fantasy life of delusions and hallucinations. Sometimes begins in childhood, but usually begins in adolescence to young adulthood. Disturbances in several major areas thought, perceptions and attention, motor behaviour; affect or emotions and life functioning. Positive symptoms: comprise excesses or distortions, such as disorganized speech, hallucinations and delusions, an acute episode of schizophrenia. It involve the presence of too much of a behaviour that is not apparent in most people. Disorganized speech: problems in organizing ideas and in speaking so that a listener cannot understand. There is incoherence in conversations (not connected and hard to understand)

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