PSYB45H3 Chapter Notes - Chapter 4: Adventitiousness, Reinforcement, Motivation
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Chapter 4 increasing a behaviour with positive reinforcement. Positive reinforcer an e(cid:448)ent that (cid:272)auses the (cid:271)eha(cid:448)iou(cid:396) to in(cid:272)(cid:396)ease in f(cid:396)e(cid:395)uen(cid:272)y, (cid:862)(cid:396)e(cid:449)a(cid:396)d(cid:863) Negative reinforcement (escape conditioning) the removal of certain stimuli immediately after the occurrence of a response will increase the likelihood of that response: example: the removal of a parent nagging a child to wash dishes. Note: do not confuse negative reinforcement (which increases behaviour) with punishment (which decreases behaviour chapter 13) Factors influencing the effectiveness of positive reinforcement: selecting the behaviour to be increased. Being specific to behaviours you want to be reinforced: choosing reinfo(cid:396)(cid:272)e(cid:396)s (cid:894)(cid:862)diffe(cid:396)ent t(cid:396)okes fo(cid:396) diffe(cid:396)ent folks(cid:863)(cid:895) External reinforcers and intrinsic motivation: motivating operations. Deprivation indicate the time during which an individual does not experience the reinforce. Satiation the condition in which the individual has experienced the reinforce to such an extent that it is no longer reinforcing. Instructions: make use of rules: reinforcer size, reinforcer immediacy, contingent versus non-contingent reinforcers.
