PSYC14H3 Chapter 10: Emotion

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5 Jul 2018

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CHAPTERNOTES



Chapter10:Emotion



WhatisanEmotion?

● Focalandcentralpartofoursubjective

worlds



→JamesLangeTheoryofEmotions

● Jamesproposedthatemotionsare

physiologicalresponsestostimuliinthe

world

● Langeproposedthatthesephysiological

responseswereproductsoftheautonomic

NS

○ Changesinheartrate

○ Tearsecretion

○ Breathing

○ Pupildilation

○ Bloodflowtotheskin

○ Stomachcontractions

● Ourbodiesrespondtostimuliintheworldby

preparingustoreactinasurvivalfacilitating

way

● Ouremotionsareourbodilychangesthat

signalhowweshouldbehave

● Jamesfeltthateachemotionswordis

descriptionofadiffbodilystate

○ Ex:embarrassmentissensationof

bloodrushingtoface

● Emotionsareallaboutphysiological

experiences



→TwoFactorTheoryofEmotions

● Factorsofthephysiologicalsignalsandthe

interpretationofthosesignals

● Emotionsareprimarilytheinterpretationsof

thosebodilyresponses 

● Redirectfocusofemotionsawayfrombody

andintothemind

● Studiesshowthatppllooktocuesfromtheir

environmenttohelpthemlabeltheirphysical

sensations



DoesEmotionalExperienceVaryAcrossCultures?



→EmotionsandFacialExpressions

● Facialexpressionsareameansto

communicatewithothers

● Facialexpressionsoftenappeartoberather

reflexive

○ Samefacialexpressionsthatadults

makearemadebyveryyoung

infants

○ Includingthosewhowerebornblind 

● Suggeststhatfacialexpressionsarepartof

ourbiologicalmakeup

● Pplinfivediffculturesshowedgreatdealof

agreementaboutwhatfeelingsthedifferent

facialposeswereexpressing

○ Universalsinemotionalexpression 

● Ekmanandcolleaguesproposedthatthere’s

asetofbasicemotionsthatareuniversally

recognizedaroundtheworld

● Tendencytobebetteratrecognizingthe

facialexpressionsofpplfromone’sown

culture

○ Pplbetterataccuratelyperceiving

theemotionalexpressionsofppl

they’vebeenexposedtomore



→CulturalDisplayRules

● Displayrules:culturallyspecificrulesthat

governwhichfacialexpressionare

appropriateinagivensituationandhow

intenselytheyshouldbeexhibited

● Someculturesencouragepeopletodisplay

theiremotionsinclearform

● Someculturesencourageppltoexpress

theiremotionsinmutedform,orconceal

themaltogether



→FacialFeedbackHypothesis

● Proposesthatonesourceofinfoweutilize

wheninferringourfeelingsisourfacial

expressions

● Suggeststhatculturallydivergentdisplay

rulesmightaffectmorethanjustpeople’s

expressionoftheiremotions



→CulturalVariationinIntensityofEmotional

Experience

● Manystudiescomparedemotional

experienceofJapaneseandAmericans

● Americansreportedfeelingemotionslonger

andmoreintenselythantheJapanesedid

● JapanesethreetimesaslikelyasAmericans

toreportthattheyhadnotbeenfeelingany

emotions

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