PSYC39H3 Chapter Notes - Chapter 1: Travis Hirschi, Cesare Beccaria, Cesare Lombroso
Document Summary
Crime: conduct or failure to act in violation of the law forbidding or commanding it. (upon conviction, a range of penalties are possible) Criminal behavior: violation of the criminal code. To be convicted a person has to have acted intentionally and without justification or excuse. Offenses that do not require criminal intent are called strict liability offences. A scientific theory is tested through theory verification (observation and analysis) and if not, then it can be falsified. Purpose: explaining and predicting a phenomenon. (cid:862)just-worlders believe that things do not happen to people without a reason that is closely related to their own actions- this is known as individual theories or assumptions. Just- world hypothesis: belief in a general just-world, belief in a personal just-world. Dalbert & filke (2007)- prisoners with a high personal just-world orientation evaluated their prison experiences more positively and reported better overall wellbeing than those without such an orientation.
