PSYB30H3 Chapter 4: Chapter 4

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amberzebra510

17 Apr 2011

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Chapter 4: personality traits: fundamental concepts and issues. Individual differences between people in characteristic thoughts, feelings, behaviours. 4 positions of nature of traits: traits literally exist in central nervous system, allport call neuropsychic structures , traits exists as dispositions that exert a significant impact on behaviours. both view traits as causal mechanisms in human functioning. traits are behaviour, not influence behaviour: traits do not exist in any objective sense, even in sense of act categories. both argue traits do not really cause behaviour but exist instead as convenient categories for describing the behaviours that people show. easy going, affable, very desiring of social approval, oriented toward relaxation and comfort: ectomorph- thin and boney, underdevelopment of fat and muscle. restraint, privacy, introversion, self-consciousness: mesomorph- muscular, not round or skinny. Gordon allport: traits are major structural units of personality- account for consistency and coherence of human behaviour.

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10. Which of the following statements would likely have been made by a sociobiologist? A) reality is a social construction and little is shared across cultures B) an individual's social behaviour is determined by external rewards C) much our behaviour is unknown to our conscious mind—we are driven by unconscious impulses and desires D) social behaviours that increase our ability to pass on our genes will be more likely to be represented in future generations E) all humans seek to self-actualize and grow

28. A father believes that certain behaviours are more appropriate for boys than for girls. His wife has heard him share these beliefs and she wonders whether they are partly responsible for the fact that he relates differently to his son, with whom he tends to use more verbal and physical prohibition than he does with his daughter. In this example, the father's beliefs would be examples of , while the fact that he treats his children differently depending on their gender demonstrates the concept of A) gender identities, gender constancies B) sex-role stereotypes; gender preferences C) sex-role stereotypes; sex typing D) gender identities; sex typing E) gender identities; gender behaviour

28. A father believes that certain behaviours are more appropriate for boys than for girls. His wife has heard him share these beliefs and she wonders whether they are partly responsible for the fact that he relates differently to his son, with whom he tends to use more verbal and physical prohibition than he does with his daughter. In this example, the father's beliefs would be examples of , while the fact that he treats his children differently depending on their gender demonstrates the concept of A) gender identities, gender constancies B) sex-role stereotypes, gender preferences C) sex-role stereotypes; sex typing D) gender identities, sex typing E) gender identities, gender behaviour

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PSYB30H3 Chapter 4: Chapter 4

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