PSYB45H3 Chapter 12: Study Guide For Chapter 12
Chapter 12: Eliminating Inappropriate Behaviour Through Punishment
The principle of Punishment
- Punisher
o An event that, when presented immediately following a behaviour, causes the
behaviour to decrease in frequency
- Punishment
o If in a given situation, somebody does something that is immediately followed by
a punisher, then that person is likely to do the same thing again when he or she
next encounters a similar situation
- For behaviour modifiers, “punishment” is simply a technical word referring to the
application of an immediate consequence for following a behaviour of an individual that
has the effect of decreasing the likelihood of future instances of that behaviour in that
individual
Types of Punishment
- Pain-Inducing Punisher
o Also referred to as physical punisher
o Include all punishers immediately following a behaviour that activate pain
receptors or other sense receptors that typically evoke feelings of discomfort
o Such stimuli are called unconditioned punishers
! Stimuli that are punishing without any prior training or conditioning
- Reprimands
o Strong negative verbal stimuli immediately contingent on behaviour
o Conditioned punisher are stimulus paired with punishment which itself becomes a
punisher
- Time-outs
o Transferring an individual from a more reinforcing to less reinforcing situation
immediately following a behaviour
o Two types of time-outs
! Exclusionary time-out
• Consists of removing the learner for a short time from the situation
in which reinforcement is occurring
• Often a special time-out room is used for this purpose
• Five minutes is very effective for time-out room and it should not
be very long
! Nonexclusionary time-out
• Consists of introducing into the situation a stimulus associated
with less reinforcement
• Ignoring a child when he/she is not doing something right
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Document Summary
Punisher: an event that, when presented immediately following a behaviour, causes the behaviour to decrease in frequency. Punishment: if in a given situation, somebody does something that is immediately followed by a punisher, then that person is likely to do the same thing again when he or she next encounters a similar situation. Pain-inducing punisher: also referred to as physical punisher, include all punishers immediately following a behaviour that activate pain receptors or other sense receptors that typically evoke feelings of discomfort, such stimuli are called unconditioned punishers. stimuli that are punishing without any prior training or conditioning. Reprimands: strong negative verbal stimuli immediately contingent on behaviour, conditioned punisher are stimulus paired with punishment which itself becomes a punisher. Time-outs: transferring an individual from a more reinforcing to less reinforcing situation immediately following a behaviour, two types of time-outs. nonexclusionary time-out: consists of introducing into the situation a stimulus associated with less reinforcement.
