PSYB64H3 Chapter Notes - Chapter 5: Single-Nucleotide Polymorphism, X-Inactivation, Neural Tube Defect

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19 Nov 2012
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5 | genetics and the development of the human brain. 100 trillion cells in your body (exception of red blood cells and sperm or egg cells) contains two complete copies of the human genome: complete set of chromosomes) Genotype: genetic composition of organism; interacts w/ environmental influences = phenotype: observable appearance of an organism. Genotype consists of 23 matched pairs of chromosomes: strand of dna found w/in nucleus of a cell. One chromosome of each pair donated by mother and father chromosomes made up of molecules of deoxyribonucleic acid (dna) Smaller segments = individual genes: functional hereditary unit made up of dna that occupies fixed location on a chromosome. Each one has set of instructions for making particular type of protein. Gene expression: translation of genotype into phenotype of an organism. Vast majority of dna found in chromosome, some located in mitochondria (mdna) Mutates at fairly regular rate = useful to scientists interested in evolution.

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