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Music and Culture (30)
VPMA99H3 (10)
Andy Lee (10)
Chapter 20

Chapter 20 Study Guide

School
University of Toronto Scarborough
Department
Music and Culture
Course Code
VPMA99H3
Professor
Andy Lee
Chapter
20
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Chapter 20 The Later Romantics
Prelude
-Brahms follows Classic masters to compose his work
-Wagner and Liszt develop new genres like music drama and symphonic poem respectively
-dichotomy between absolute and program music, tradition and innovation
-technology and scientific knowledge has influence people’s mind
-they looked forward and are optimistic about innovation and novelty
-despite the innovative attitude, old musical styles, like that of Bach and Mozart are conserved in
this period
Franz Liszt (1811-1886)
-model piano style after virtuoso, adding stunning effect
-adapt Chopin’s lyricism of melodic line and rubato
-is stimulated by violinist, Paganini’s technical virtuosity
-push piano to its furthest limit
Piano Music
-un sospiro (A sigh)
-etude piece
-slow moving melody is played in rapid broken-chord figuration
-pedal makes this possible by sustaining harmonies when the two hands play leaps over each
other to play the floating pentatonic tune
-the piece makes it look like the pianist needs 3 hands
-left hand plays bottom staff, right hand play middle, and the top is played by whichever hand is
free at the time
Johannes Brahms (1833-1897)
-apply principles of sonata form
-adhere to traditional genre of instrumental music
-Romantic sensibility include lyrical beauty and sincere expressivity
Symphonies
-wrote 4 symphonies
-4
th
movement (finale) of Symphony No.4
-chaconne, a form that reflects Baroque music
-variation on basso ostinato and harmonic pattern
-rising bass figure is from final chorus of Bach’s Cantata 150
Postlude: The Beethoven Legacy in the Nineteenth Century
-recurring theme in other movement
-Berlioz developed idée fixe, a melody that represent heroine
-pastoral atmosphere, dialogue in piping shepherd in symphonie fantastique
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