ANT333Y1 Chapter Notes - Chapter 4: Quadrupedalism, Femoral Head, Femur
Document Summary
Arboreal quadrupedalism: femoral neck set at moderately high angle relative to shaft, enhancing abduction at hip. Ischium usually extended posteriorly rather than distally: long ischium. Vertical clinging & leaping: short and thick femoral neck, head is sometimes cylindrical in shape for simple flexion-extension movements rather than ball-&-socket, femoral condyles are very deep, patellar groove has pronounced lateral lip, deep femoral condyles. Suspensory: spherical head on highly angled femoral neck to permit extreme degrees of abduction, broad, shallow femoral condyles and shallow patellar groove. Bipedalism: valgus (adducted) knees, large femoral head, very large bony lip on the lateral side of the patellar groove. Terrestrial quadrupedalism: long and straight proportional limbs. Vertical clinging & leaping: narrow, usually very long and laterally compressed. Bipedalism: talar articular surface is oriented perpendicular to the long axis of the bone. Vertical clinging & leaping: short and delicate forelimbs.
