BIO130H1 Chapter : Chromosomes and Genomes

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BIO130H1 Full Course Notes
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Chapter four: dna, chromosomes, and genomes (pp 195-263) Chromosomal dna and its packaging in the chromatic fiber. Dna"s most important function is to carry genes, including the information"s about when, in what type of a cell and in what quantity proteins and rna molecules are to be made. Genomes of eukaryotes are divided into chromosomes. There is a specialized dna sequences that are required for a chromosome to be accurately duplicated and passed on from one generation to the next. Dna packaging if all the dna was laid out end to end it would reach approximately 2 meters. Dna packaging is done by specialized proteins that bind to and fold the dna. This generates a series of coils and loops that provide increasingly higher levels of organization, preventing dna from becoming an unmanageable tangle. In eucaryotes the dna in the nucleus is divided between a set of different chromosomes.

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