CHM138H1 Chapter all: Gen Chem

• School: UTSG
• Department: Chemistry
• Course: CHM136H1
• Professor: all

Document Summary

Reactions are a result of electron movement. Constitutional isomers have the same formula, but differ in atom. Found in alcoholic bev ed to as connections or the way the atoms are bonded (ch3och3 vs ch3ch2oh); their names and physical properties are different. Structural theory of matter: the number of bonds elements make is predictable. X (where x = f, cl, br, or i) A covalent bond results when two atoms share a pair of electrons. The decrease in energy when electrons are shared by two atoms is due to minimizing repulsive forces of opposite charges (electron-electron and nucleus-nucleus) and maximizing attractive forces of like charges (nucleus-nucleus). Features of atomic structure: positively-charged protons and electrically neutral neutrons comprise the nucleus, for a neutral atom, the number of protons equals the number of electrons (negatively-charged). The first shell can accomodate a maximum of two electrons and the second shell can accomodate a maximum of eight electrons.