GRK101H1 Chapter Notes -Iota Subscript, Rough Breathing, Smooth Breathing

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12 Sep 2012

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Rho is the only consonant which takes a breathing. Diphthongs sound: certain pairs of vowels called diphthongs are pronounced together to produce one continuos, words beginning with diphthongs like words beginning with vowels, require a rough or smooth breathing. This breathing is placed over the second letter of the diphthong: a greek word has as many syllables as it has vowels or diphthongs. Iota subscript and adscript: when the long vowels alpha, eta and omega are combined with short iota, the iota is written be- neath the long vowels as an iota subscript and is not pronounced. If the long vowel is capitalized, the iota is written after the long vowel as an iota adscript and is not pronounced: a rough or smooth breathing is written before the long vowel. Gamma combined with certain consonants: the consent gamma, when combined with a palatal (kappa, gamma, chi, xi) has the sound of ng, like in baking.

Related Questions

Question 1

Evolutionary algorithms are used:

In engineering, to arrive at solutions by going through many permutations of possible solutions and allowing them to evolve.

A genetic feature of complex organisms.

A process undergone by the human brain, which is similar to evolution by natural selection.

Another term used for a computer algorithm in general.

Question 2

Human literature and languages can be studied using methods similar to those used for constructing phylogenies because:

There is no other way of studying these things.

Languages evolve roughly along the lines of species, with mutations (changes in words and pronunciation), descent with modification (languages becoming more different along the way), and branching of languages (languages giving rise to other languages that are similar to them).

Because literature and languages are constructed by organisms (human beings), so what applies to one must apply to the other.

Languages undergo a process of word swapping, which is analogous to horizontal gene transfer.

Question 3

The degree to which horizontal gene transfer occurs in eukaryotes is:

Something upon which the entire validity of evolutionary biology hinges.

A mystery that may or may not disprove evolution, but we simply don't know enough about it at this point.

Something that would overthrow the notion that this phenomenon is important in bacteria.

An interesting and potentially important aspect of biology with relevance for how evolution occurs, but not something that would call it into question one way or the other.

Question 4

Learning about the history of scientific theories and the reasons for why they are initially accepted or rejected is important mostly because:

It makes for exciting story telling, and this is very much needed to get people interested in science.

It teaches us about the process of science as it actually occurs, which is somewhat different to the idealized notion of a purely objective undertaking.

It tells us which theories are definitely true or false.

It tells us that science is actually a totally subjective process that tries to present itself as objective. In reality, personal subjective factors are the only relevant factors that really matter in science.

mauvemammoth554

Breathing is an application of Boyleâs law (Figure 10.8). As the diaphragm muscle beneath our lungs contracts, the pressure inside our lungs decreases causing air to rush into our mouth and nasal passages to fill the lungs. When the diaphragm muscle relaxes, it increases the air pressure causing air to be expelled from the lungs. A typical lung volume is 3.50 L. Air pressure inside the lungs changes by approximately 0.040 atm. A sample of air has a volume of 3.50 L at 1.00 atm. What is the volume of this air sample if the pressure is changed to 0.960 atm at constant temperature? This question gives an initial gas pressure and volume then asks for the new gas volume at a different pressure at constant temperature and gas amount. These are indicators to use Boyleâs law.

What is the volume (in liters) of this air sample if the pressure is changed to 0.960 atm at constant temperature?

Which sequence correctly traces the path that oxygen takes from the atmosphere to the lungs

Mouth pharynx, trachea, bronchi, alveoli

Larynx, esophagus, trachea, bronchi, alveoli

Nose, bronchi, larynx, trachea, lung

Epiglottis, trachea, cricoid, bronchi, alveoli

A 19-year-old female began chocking after eating a hot dog. When you first arrived on scene , she was coughing and drooling. Now, she is drowsy, slow to respond, and unable to cough

Perform abdominal thrusts

Perform back blows

Coach her to cough again

Perform chest thrusts

A 68-year-old female complains of shortness of breath and fatigue. Symptoms worsen at night when she tries to rest. Lung sounds are diminished in all lobes. Which statement indicates the patient is suffering from CHF rather than pneumonia

âI have had a fever the past several days.â

âI take nebulized treatments to help me breathe.â

I have been coughing up green phlegm

I feel like Iâm drowning when I lie down.

Proper technique to suction your patientâs air way includes

Suctioning while gently inserting the catheter

Inserting the suction catheter as deeply as possible

Applying suction continuously until the airway is clear

Oxygenating and ventilating before and after suctioning.

A patient has a history of chronic pulmonary disease. Before assisting him in self-administering his inhaler, you

Have the patient cough forcefully

Check his blood pressure

Spray some medication in the air

Shake the medication vigorously

A 65 year old male is having trouble breathing. He is moderately overweight and has been coughing up yellowish phlegm. He smokes two packs of cigarettes a ay and reports having episodes like this for many years

Whooping cough

Chronic bronchitis

Pulmonary edema

Status ashmaticus

A 64 year old male complains about dyspnea and is coughing up blood tinged sputum. Upon auscultation, you notice crackles bilaterally.

Emphysema exacerbation

Pulmonary edema

Pulmonary embolism

Esophageal varices

What nerve primarily controls respiration

Phrenic

Intercostal

Vagus

Thoracic

Which of he following can be present with a sudden onset of difficult breathing and diminished breath sounds

Pertussis

Emphysema

Pneumothorax

Pneumonia

A semi-conscious 34 year old male begins to gag after insertion of an OPA

Suction his air way

Encourage him to cough

Remove the airway and attempt a nasal airway

Remove the airway and insert a smaller size airway

GRK101H1 Chapter Notes -Iota Subscript, Rough Breathing, Smooth Breathing

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