PSL201Y1 Chapter Notes - Chapter 8: Adenylyl Cyclase, Golgi Apparatus, Acetyl-Coa

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23 Oct 2012
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Chapter eight: synaptic transmission & neural integration: two types of synapses in the nervous system: electrical synapses and chemical synapses. + electrical synapses operate by allowing electrical signals to be transmitted from one neuron to another through gap junctions. + chemical synapses operate through the release of neurotransmitters that activate signal transduction mechanisms. Electrical synapses exist between neurons and between neurons and glial cells. + second messenger molecules can also move through these junctions allow rapid communication between adjacent neurons that synchronizes the electrical activity in the cells. + communication often bidirectional though some gap junctions allow current flow in only one direction. Can be excitatory or inhibitory at same synapse, as either a depolarizing or a hyperpolarizing current can spread through these junctions. + found in areas of brainstem that regulate breathing. + gap junctions believed to synchronize the neurons responsible for inspiration.

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