POL200Y1 Chapter Notes - Chapter 11: Girolamo Savonarola, Unthinkable, Absolute Monarchy

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12 May 2018
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Punishment and crime
a.
What is virtue
b.
Modes and orders
c.
Themes
I.
a.
Chapter V
II.
Revolutionary figures who change people they lead
i.
a.
Is Machiavelli hinting that he faces worse times?
i.
b.
Very dangerous
i.
c.
Was Moses really any different --> established modes and orders
and used God to back it up
i.
Everyone believes Moses is truth teller, everyone else lied - rejection of
pagan gods
d.
Machiavellian vortex : everything we believe in is based on foundations
of men --> we make our own value, not created by higher purpose
e.
Armed always succeed
i.
Doesn't matter if true or false
ii.
Savonarola - should have had arms to succeed
iii.
Armed v. Unarmed Prophets
f.
Chapter VI - on acquired principalities
III.
Son of Pope Alex, gave state to son --> tries to manipulate to establish
principality that is not dependent on father --> escape unfortunate
fortunate beginning
a.
Fortune : died before he could secure himself
i.
35 : Contradiction : appointment of Julius --> big mistake
ii.
Why did Cesare fail?
b.
Chapter VII - rise with others, arms and fortune
IV.
beyond chapter 1
a.
Support of people
i.
Crime
ii.
2 new modes / ways to gain power
b.
35 : virtuous ? --> possesses virtue, but not complete - doesn't
gain glory of others
i.
Founders of new modes / orders seen as criminals before
modes/orders are accepted
ii.
Agathocles - came to power through crime
c.
Chapter VIII
V.
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War --> political life is fundamentally about warfare
The nature of princes, character of time
Themes
37 : serve some purpose (secure, not necessarily high)
Utility for your subjects --> remove oppressive rule
At a stroke --> do first, it will pay off later
Cruelty well-used? - if can secure politically
Chapter VIII
2nd mode
One wants to oppress, other wants to avoid oppression
Certain types of desires
Position : aristocracy v. commoners
Use great to gain power --> make new elites that owe you
39 : can't secure against people --> too many, un-killable
There will always be people like you who can challenge you
Great think they are your equal, they are smarter than people, can
outthink you
Found on people, but don't trust --> might not help
People and Great
Chapter IX - civil principality in support of citizens - Agathocles
Declaration of war against Christianity
Chapter X - what mode to measure forces
Modes and orders are so deep, no one can imagine that Machiavelli
will attack
Unthinkable to attack --> siege papal states
Praise of popes - Julius and Alexander VI : turning pious people
against the Church
Everything he did was intended to help himself increase Church /
papal power --> instrument of Church
How deep problem of Christianity is, inescapable
46 : how far pope could prevail - Cesare was the instrument of his father,
any praise for him is wrong
No prince seems able to escape Christianity - end up helping it
Chapter XI - ecclesiastical principalities
Good arms = good laws --> don't need to reason about laws as long as
arms
Laws and arms - kinds of military states
Chapter XII
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arms
Long speech how God will take care of him, along with his faith
Self-reliance, not reliance on God, use enemies` arms to destroy
(Goliath's sword)
56 : David - rare example from the Bible
Chapter XIII - auxiliary arms (loyalty not to you)
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Document Summary

Memories of old liberties means you can"t hold republics well because they will remember what freedom was like. Big 4 - moses, romulus (founder of rome, killed his brother), cyrus (creator of persian empire), thesis (greek hero of athens) --> all founders of people i. Revolutionary figures who change people they lead b. Best fortune is the one that gives you opportunity - looks like the worst, rise despite times i. Is machiavelli hinting that he faces worse times? c. 23 : founders of new modes and orders (framework) to found state i. Everyone believes moses is truth teller, everyone else lied - rejection of pagan gods i. Was moses really any different --> established modes and orders and used god to back it up e. f. Machiavellian vortex : everything we believe in is based on foundations of men --> we make our own value, not created by higher purpose.

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