POL200Y1 Chapter Notes - Chapter 18: John Locke
Not clear when agrees with Hobbes
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Lockean state of nature
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The Worst Evil - disagreement --> fear of violent death and state of nature vs. arbitrary
power
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Preservation of property
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Acquisition of ends of government
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Themes / Subjects
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Free, equal, independent --> no development of soul
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No evident telos --> no common judge
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Basis
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Law of Nature - apply or preserve selves, law of reason that prevents harming
others --> only those who consult
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Everyone has a duty / obligation to support laws of nature if they are being
violated --> they will be
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Reparation
Restraint
2 justifications
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Everyone has power to punish murderers?
Everyone can be a murderer
Page 7, 2.11, Irony
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Everyone can be judge
No common judge about what is necessary
Judgment problem
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Agrees with Hobbes : government is only remedy for state of nature
BUT absolute monarchs are men -- >how is this better than state of
nature wen 1 may be judge and control people
State of nature is not the worst - worst is tyranny
Pg 8. 2.13, Fundamental objection to Hobbes
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Defending Laws of Nature
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Locke v. Hobbes (Chapter 2)
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Pg 13, 3.19, Separate chapters: force without right = state of war
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Anyone who tries to arbitrarily govern --> state of war
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Expands state of war to include illegitimate government and contracts : state of war
may occur without state of nature
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Chapter 3: State of War
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Free from all superior power (Hobbes)
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Free to do what laws don't forbid (Hobbes)
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Contract that gives us power --> give up self preservation
Free from absolute arbitrary power (Locke)
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Liberty
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Slavery replaces violent death as worst
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Non-domination
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Slavery
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Chapters 1-4 : State of Nature
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God --> nature's creator
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Beneficent --> nasty creator, harsh conditions
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Revelation --> reason of authority, use reason out of necessity to enter civilization
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Movement
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Chapter 5: On Property
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Tutorial 2.10
21-Mar-17
11:00 AM
TUTORIAL Page 102
Document Summary
The worst evil - disagreement --> fear of violent death and state of nature vs. arbitrary power. Free, equal, independent --> no development of soul. Law of nature - apply or preserve selves, law of reason that prevents harming others --> only those who consult. Everyone has a duty / obligation to support laws of nature if they are being violated --> they will be. Agrees with hobbes : government is only remedy for state of nature. But absolute monarchs are men -- >how is this better than state of nature wen 1 may be judge and control people. State of nature is not the worst - worst is tyranny. Pg 13, 3. 19, separate chapters: force without right = state of war. Anyone who tries to arbitrarily govern --> state of war. Expands state of war to include illegitimate government and contracts : state of war may occur without state of nature. Free to do what laws don"t forbid (hobbes)
