PSY311H1 Chapter Notes - Chapter 1: Prosocial Behavior, John Bowlby, Surgency
Document Summary
Behaviorism: theory based on observable and recordable behaviors, human development is mainly influenced by emerging associations between external stimuli and observable responses (habits, reinforcement and punishment was introduced to +/- behaviors. Temperament: biologically based individual differences in child s reactivity and self-regulation. Thomas and chess (1977) goodness of fit match between children s temperament and the demands, expectation and opportunities of the environment. Empathy: emotional state that matches another person s emotional state; in early childhood is related to emergence of morality. Affective perspective-taking: children s ability to understand that others have emotional responses to experience and social interaction. Temperament are showing some of the big five factors of adult personality. Temperament varies on surgency, negative affectivity and effortful control. If children s experience in social situation can be seen to vary depending upon their temperament, then it will be likely also that the affective meaning of present, past and future events will be colored by their temperament.
