SOC101Y1 Chapter Notes - Chapter 6: Feral Child, Sigmund Freud, Media Culture
Helps us react to situations and behave
▪
Self: sense of individual identity that allows us to understand who we
are in relation to others and to differentiate ourselves from them
○
Society and individuals need each other --> society is the link
▪
Makes social interaction, organization and order
▪
Socialization: learn way of life in our society and develop an identity
through social interaction
○
Primary socialization: childhood learning process --> learning to
be student, etc.
▪
Secondary socialization occurs after primary (what is already
learned)
▪
Cultural context changes socialization (and subcultures)
○
Not one versus the other: both are important
▪
Environment is important: ex of feral children
▪
Social interaction seems to be necessary
▪
Nature v. Nurture
○
What is socialization?
•
Process by which self emerges
▪
Infant learns from denial of wishes - not being coddled
▪
Realizes own existence, learns self control
▪
'psychological mechanism develops that normally balances the
pleasure seeking and restraining components'
▪
Argued that social interaction emerges self
▪
Sigmund Freud
○
Without mirror, no sense of self
□
Looking glass self: look to others to see self
▪
Charles Horton Cooley
○
Society is essential to human development
▪
Children have no self - -> copy behaviour
◊
Imitative
Adopt roles, manipulate, imagine how others and
they will respond
◊
Play
Responding to generalized other, observe others
conduct and anticipate what is expected -->
behave accordingly
◊
Game
3 stages in taking the role of others
□
taking role of others: anticipating how others will see and react
to you
▪
Subjective: "I" --> acts
"I" and "Me"
▪
George Herber Mead
○
The Self and Socialization
•
Lecture 1.6: Reading - Socialization
October 18, 2016
9:22 PM
READINGS Page 104
Subjective: "I" --> acts
□
Objective: "me" --> reflects on actions through lens of
societal norms, values, expectations
□
Spontaneous / conformist, active / reflective, experiencing /
experienced
□
Internal conversation --> continues to develop
□
Degree to which identity formation continues in teens
▪
Institutions provide symbolic resources to express self
□
Style / clothing --> experimenting with identity/statements
□
Try to make world meaningful
□
Socialization depends on group and status within the group
□
Class/racial/ethnic, etc. = differences in socialization patterns
▪
Paul Willis
○
Individuals learn to become masculine or feminine according to
expectations
▪
Raised to be different will want to be different (expect)
▪
Consumer culture - what to buy
▪
Media - roles, oversimplification
▪
Gender Socialization
○
Expected to grow up but treated like children
▪
Parents impose rules, society says different
▪
Develop passionate commitments
▪
Anticipatory socialization: rehearsing for future role
▪
Adolescence and youth
○
Take on new statuses and acquire new different identities
▪
Control over content and direction of socialization
▪
Jobs, marriage, children affect social life
▪
Adult socialization
○
Ageism - old people have no role / place --> helpless
▪
Face death and dying, loss of spouse
▪
Not valued in work force
▪
Socialization among older adults
○
Socialization through life course
•
Groups that impart information we require in society
○
Children's progress can be observed and maintained
▪
Parents have strong bonds
▪
Middle class: be high achievers, think independently
▪
Low class: follow laws, obedience
▪
Focus on education v. fun
□
Different ethnic groups advocate different skills
▪
Different family types do not affect child --> the way the child is
raised does
▪
Families
○
Hidden curriculum - informal teachings that integrate
▪
Similar to adult society - preparation for life
▪
Schools
○
Peer groups
Agents of Socialization
•
READINGS Page 105
Document Summary
Self: sense of individual identity that allows us to understand who we are in relation to others and to differentiate ourselves from them. Socialization: learn way of life in our society and develop an identity through social interaction. Society and individuals need each other --> society is the link. Primary socialization: childhood learning process --> learning to be student, etc. Secondary socialization occurs after primary (what is already learned) Not one versus the other: both are important. Infant learns from denial of wishes - not being coddled. "psychological mechanism develops that normally balances the pleasure seeking and restraining components" Looking glass self: look to others to see self. Society is essential to human development taking role of others: anticipating how others will see and react to you. 3 stages in taking the role of others. Children have no self - -> copy behaviour. Adopt roles, manipulate, imagine how others and they will respond.
