SOC101Y1 Chapter Notes - Chapter 16: Birth Rate, Immigration, Gentrification
Examines population size, composition and distribution
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Define population as a group who live in geographic area
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Actual level of child bearing for individuals/population
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Number of women of childbearing age
Health and level of nutrition of women
Biological factors :
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Roles available
Viewpoints about family
Social factors:
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refraining from sex until older age
contraception
sterilization
abortion
number of available partners
Number of women in the workforce
Biological limited by social:
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Crude birth rate : number of live births per 1000 people
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Lower income, children labour needed --> higher rates
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Fertility
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Morality rates have dropped significantly in low/middle class nations, still remain
higher than high-income
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Virtual elimination of infectious diseases through improved nutrition, sanitation,
personal hygiene, vaccination
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Countries with high birth rates have high death rates
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Increases in life expectancy
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Mortality
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Movement of people from one geographic area to another for purpose of
changing residency
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Internal migration : transformed Canada from rural to urban nation
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International migration: pull (government freedoms, climate) may draw voluntary
immigrants, push (political unrest, famine, national disaster) may encourage
people to leave
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Migration
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Preferences given in the past - exclusionary --> Chinese Immigration Act
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More diverse immigration recently - different colours
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Still face inequalities - wage gaps, less success
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Discrimination in Immigration
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Biological and social characteristics of a population (age, sex, ethnic origin,
marital status, education)
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Affects demography / age distribution, demand for schooling, healthcare,
employment, housing, pensions
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Population Composition
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Demography : The Study of Population
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Baby Boom and Baby Bust
“Population and Urbanization,” available as pdf online
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Reading 2.5: Population and
Urbanization
February 15, 2017
12:00 PM
READINGS Page 148
Document Summary
Define population as a group who live in geographic area. Biological limited by social: refraining from sex until older age contraception sterilization abortion number of available partners. Crude birth rate : number of live births per 1000 people. Lower income, children labour needed --> higher rates. Morality rates have dropped significantly in low/middle class nations, still remain higher than high-income. Virtual elimination of infectious diseases through improved nutrition, sanitation, personal hygiene, vaccination. Countries with high birth rates have high death rates. Movement of people from one geographic area to another for purpose of changing residency. Internal migration : transformed canada from rural to urban nation. International migration: pull (government freedoms, climate) may draw voluntary immigrants, push (political unrest, famine, national disaster) may encourage people to leave. Preferences given in the past - exclusionary --> chinese immigration act. Still face inequalities - wage gaps, less success. Biological and social characteristics of a population (age, sex, ethnic origin, marital status, education)
