SOC212H1 Chapter Notes - Chapter 9: Bus Driver, Public Housing, Control Theory
20 Mar 2013
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Deviance is everywhere possible if it is allowed. Control theories assume that deviance will occur, asks how deviance can be controlled (doesn"t look at causes of deviance) Bentham principle of rational calculation assumed that humans have a capacity to align their actions with whatever course would maximize their pleasure and minimize their pain. Belief that opportunity in itself is a cause of crime. *control theories have been discounted in theorizing on deviance and control becauseit does not question social cause or individual pathology. Haggerty situational criminology [control theory] concentrates on reducing crime through loss prevention, target hardening, enhanced visibility. Neglect of control theory may have been due to the unpopularity in liberal sociological circles of work that appears to support discipline, punishment and regulation. Sykes and matza techniques of neutralization (freed delinqunets from guilt and shame which enabled them to engage in delinquent activities. Jackson toby--> delinquents were distinguished from non-delinquents by their minimal stake in conformity".
