WDW151H1 Chapter Notes - Chapter 8: Universal Suffrage, Decision-Making, New York City Police Department
12 May 2018
School
Department
Course
Professor
shared meanings = social order
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Central authority is needed to control self-interest
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Coercive force that controls self-interested individuals
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Hobbes: state of nature (no central authority) = war against all --> surrender liberty to government for their protection
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Engels: unequal classes, interests conflict = coercive state where dominant classes control government, prevents lower classes from pursuing interests
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Coercion is difficult and expensive
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Disadvantaged are duped by institutions and ideologies of ruling class (religion)
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State must be legitimate: people willing to obey
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Personal loyalty
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Patrimonial
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Paid
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Bureaucratic
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Based on qualities
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charismatic
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Weber:
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Minority dominates majority
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Social order requires that a group have greater power/authority than other members
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Hobbes: increases security and quality of life
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Everyone agrees government is important, solves social problems, if it has legitimacy people will willingly follow
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Engels: oppressive, limit individual development
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Weber: coercion can't sustain order with legitimacy
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Willis: legitimation is necessary for cooperation, but not predictability
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H&H, “Hierarchies,” 82-87
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State is a product of society at a particular stage of development --> moderates conflict, is above society
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Groupings of members based on territory
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Public force (army)
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Taxes to maintain public power
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Organs of society standing above society
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State of most powerful ruling class, holds down and exploits the oppressed class
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Defines based on ownership of property
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Democratic republic not defined by property
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Wealth employs power by corruption of officials and alliance between government and stock exchange
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Universal suffrage
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Classes will fail and so will state
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State is only necessary because of the divide in classes
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Engels, “The Origin of the State,” H&H, 99-102.
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White-collar crime: crime committed by a person of respectability and high social status in the course of his occupation
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Edwin Sutherland
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White collar and corporate both occur in business place
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If beneficiary is an individual = white collar, if beneficiary is a corporation = corporate crime
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Corporations are deemed persons under the law, but are not subject to the same restrictions
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Unsafe products, pollution
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State-corporate crime: harm to workers that occurs during the process of resource extraction due to interplay between government agencies and the
private sector
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Reiman: companies are at fault for many on-job accidents / deaths - 'occupational death'
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The public as a Victim
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Opportunity : technology, easier to access money
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Decision making: opportunity is there, rational choice theory --> cost-benefit analysis
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Characteristics: minimum, people in high positions
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Causes of White-Collar Crime
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Crimes committed against and by the state
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Examples of FLQ and October Crisis
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Sponsorship scandal in 2005
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Political Crime
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Criminal activity that takes place across national jurisdictions
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Ex: money laundering, h,
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uman trafficking
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Wide range of crimes and lack of information
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Organized Transnational Crime
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Situations when the actions of police officers are inconsistent with regulations
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Ex: tampering with evidence, raiding a suspect's home without a warrant
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NYPD, corruption was extensive
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Bad apple theory: one spoils barrel, corruption spreads
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Constant: role of discretion, material gain / professional judgment
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Variable: police culture, individual opportunities
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Police Misconduct
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Teachers, lawyers, doctors, clergy, etc.
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Granted high levels of trust
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Residential Schools, sexual assault in churches
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Crime in Trusted Social Organizations
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O’Grady,
Crime in the Canadian Context
, “Chapter 7: Crime in the Context of Organizations and Institutions,” 174-200.
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8: Law in action
November 9, 2016
10:17 PM
READINGS Page 1
Document Summary
H&h, hierarchies, 82-87 shared meanings = social order. Hobbes: state of nature (no central authority) = war against all --> surrender liberty to government for their protection. Engels: unequal classes, interests conflict = coercive state where dominant classes control government, prevents lower classes from pursuing interests. Disadvantaged are duped by institutions and ideologies of ruling class (religion) State must be legitimate: people willing to obey. Social order requires that a group have greater power/authority than other members. Everyone agrees government is important, solves social problems, if it has legitimacy people will willingly follow. Willis: legitimation is necessary for cooperation, but not predictability. Engels, the origin of the state, h&h, 99-102. State is a product of society at a particular stage of development --> moderates conflict, is above society. State of most powerful ruling class, holds down and exploits the oppressed class. Wealth employs power by corruption of officials and alliance between government and stock exchange.
