BIOL 1111 Chapter Notes - Chapter 23: Lysogenic Cycle, Lytic Cycle, Viral Envelope

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rubypig486

21 Jun 2018

School

University of Windsor

Department

Biological Sciences

Course

BIOL 1111

Professor

Dora Cavallo

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Summary Questions for Chapter 23 - Viruses

1. Why is a viruses not considered living?

2. What are a virion and a capsid?

3. What are the main structures of viruses and describe each one?

4. How do enveloped viruses acquire their envelop?

5. Why would viruses want to infect a host cell?

6. What is a bacteriophage?

7. What is the difference between a virulent and temperate bacteriophage?

8. How is the lytic cycle different from the lysogenic cycle?

9. What is meant by transduction?

10. What is a lysozyme?

11. What is the difference between a prophage and a provirus?

12. How do unenveloped and enveloped viruses enter an animal cell?

13. What is the latent phase of a viral life cycle?

14. How do viruses infect animal plants?

15. Why is it difficult to treat viral infections?

16. What is the difference between a viroid and a prion?

17. How do prions cause destruction of brain tissue?

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QUESTION 1: The rabies virus primarily affects the nervous system. The specificity that the rabies virus has for neuronal host cells is primarily dictated by __________________________.

A. the helical shape of its viral capsid

B. the type of nucleic acid used for its viral genome (single-stranded, antisense RNA)

C. the spikes that protrude from its viral envelope

D. the segmented nature of its viral genome

QUESTION 2: Which of the following genome types has been observed in viruses? To be marked correct, you'll need to select all true statements, as there may be more than one correct answer.

A. Single-stranded RNA

B. Single-stranded DNA

C. Double-stranded RNA

D. Protein-based

QUESTION 3: Choose the correct statement about viral evolution.

A. RNA and DNA viral genomes evolve at equal rates.

B. Cellular genomes mutate at a faster rate than viral genomes due to their large size and increased chance of replicative mistakes.

C. DNA viruses mutate faster than RNA viruses because thymine is more susceptible to mutation than uracil.

D. RNA viruses mutate faster than DNA viruses due to a lack of proofreading replicative enzymes.

QUESTION 4: Your elderly patient is affected by shingles. After careful observation, you note that the virus responsible for the infection has an icosahedral capsid, is enveloped, and has double-stranded linear DNA as its genetic material. Based on this information, in which of the following viral families would you group this viral pathogen?

QUESTION 5: Which of the following is a key difference between lytic and lysogenic bacteriophage replication cycles?

A. Lysogenic bacteriophages release via host cell lysis, whereas lytic bacteriophages bud off from the host cell membrane.

B. The lytic replication cycle ends with host cell lysis and release of newly formed bacteriophage particles, whereas lysogenic replication leads to prophage formation.

C. Lytic replication requires an uncoating step, whereas in lysogenic replication, the bacteriophage's nucleic acid is directly injected into the host cell.

D. Whereas lytic replication enables the infection of several hosts, lysogenic replication only allows for infection of a single host cell.

QUESTION 6: Which of the following is an unsuitable culture method for an animal virus?

A. Direct inoculation of virus onto blood agar

B. Live animal inoculation

C. Tissue culture method

D. Injection of virus into embryonated eggs

21. Are viruses alive or not? Support your opinion.â¨

22. Describe the basic structure of a virus.â¨

23. What tools are necessary for studying viruses? Why couldnâtvan

Leeuvenhoek observe them in his studies? How can we studyviruses today?

24. Describe how an animal virus infects a host cell (ingeneral)

25. Describe how a bacteriophage infects a host cell. Compareand contrast lytic â¨and lysogenic mechanisms of replication. Why isit an advantage for a virus to be able to have both of thesemechanisms of replication?

26. Where do enveloped viruses acquire their envelope from?

27. What component of the flu virus changes every year? How isthis

advantageous for the virus? How does it affect us?

28. Why do you need a flu shot every year?

29.What components of a host cell are used by viruses duringviral replication?

30. Describe 3 different explanations for the origin ofviruses.

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BIOL 1111 Chapter Notes - Chapter 23: Lysogenic Cycle, Lytic Cycle, Viral Envelope

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